Invoke-SqlColumnMasterKeyRotation
Initiates the rotation of a column master key.
Syntax
Invoke-SqlColumnMasterKeyRotation
-SourceColumnMasterKeyName <String>
-TargetColumnMasterKeyName <String>
[-KeyVaultAccessToken <String>]
[-ManagedHsmAccessToken <String>]
[-InputObject] <Database>
[-Script]
[-AccessToken <PSObject>]
[-TrustServerCertificate]
[-HostNameInCertificate <String>]
[-Encrypt <String>]
[-ProgressAction <ActionPreference>]
[<CommonParameters>] Invoke-SqlColumnMasterKeyRotation
-SourceColumnMasterKeyName <String>
-TargetColumnMasterKeyName <String>
[-KeyVaultAccessToken <String>]
[-ManagedHsmAccessToken <String>]
[[-Path] <String>]
[-Script]
[-AccessToken <PSObject>]
[-TrustServerCertificate]
[-HostNameInCertificate <String>]
[-Encrypt <String>]
[-ProgressAction <ActionPreference>]
[<CommonParameters>] Description
The Invoke-SqlColumnMasterKeyRotation cmdlet initiates replacing an existing source column master key with a new target column master key for the Always Encrypted feature.
The cmdlet retrieves all column encryption key objects that contain encrypted key values that are encrypted with the specified source column master key.
Then, the cmdlet decrypts the current encrypted values, re-encrypts the resulting plaintext values with the target column master key, and then updates the impacted column encryption key objects to add the new encrypted values.
As a result, each impacted column encryption key contains two encrypted values: one produced using the current source column master key and another, produced using the target column master key.
If a source or a target column master key is stored in Azure, you need to specify a valid authentication token (or tokens) for a key vault or a managed HSM holding the key. Alternatively, you can authenticate to Azure with Add-SqlAzureAuthenticationContext before calling this cmdlet.
Module requirements: version 21+ on PowerShell 5.1; version 22+ on PowerShell 7.x.
Examples
Example 1: Initiate the process of rotating the column master key.
Invoke-SqlColumnMasterKeyRotation -SourceColumnMasterKeyName "CMK1" -TargetColumnMasterKeyName "CMK2"This command initiates the process of rotating the column master key named CMK1, and replacing it with the column master key named CMK2.
Example 2: Initiate the process of rotating the column master key with authentication tokens specified
# Connect to Azure account.
Import-Module Az.Accounts -MinimumVersion 2.2.0
Connect-AzAccount
# Obtain access tokens.
$keyVaultAccessToken = (Get-AzAccessToken -ResourceUrl https://vault.azure.net).Token
$managedHSMAccessToken = (Get-AzAccessToken -ResourceUrl https://managedhsm.azure.net).Token
# Pass the tokens to the cmdlet.
Invoke-SqlColumnMasterKey -SourceColumnMasterKeyName CMK1 -TargetColumnMasterKeyName CMK2 -KeyVaultAccessToken $keyVaultAccessToken -ManagedHSMAccessToken $managedHSMAccessTokenThe example initiates the process of rotating the column master key named CMK1 and replacing it with the column master key named CMK2.
We assume one of the keys is stored in a key vault and the other key is stored in a managed HSM in Azure Key Vault.
The Invoke-SqlColumnMasterKey will use the obtained authentication tokens to communicate with key vault and managed HSM endpoints.
Parameters
-AccessToken
The access token used to authenticate to SQL Server, as an alternative to user/password or Windows Authentication.
This can be used, for example, to connect to SQL Azure DB and SQL Azure Managed Instance
using a Service Principal or a Managed Identity.
The parameter to use can be either a string representing the token or a PSAccessToken object as returned by running Get-AzAccessToken -ResourceUrl https://database.windows.net.
This parameter is new in v22 of the module.
| Type: | PSObject |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-Encrypt
The encryption type to use when connecting to SQL Server.
This value maps to the Encrypt property SqlConnectionEncryptOption on the SqlConnection object of the Microsoft.Data.SqlClient driver.
In v22 of the module, the default is Optional (for compatibility with v21). In v23+ of the module, the default value will be 'Mandatory', which may create a breaking change for existing scripts.
This parameter is new in v22 of the module.
| Type: | String |
| Accepted values: | Mandatory, Optional, Strict |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-HostNameInCertificate
The host name to be used in validating the SQL Server TLS/SSL certificate. You must pass this parameter if your SQL Server instance is enabled for Force Encryption and you want to connect to an instance using hostname/shortname. If this parameter is omitted then passing the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) to -ServerInstance is necessary to connect to a SQL Server instance enabled for Force Encryption.
This parameter is new in v22 of the module.
| Type: | String |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-InputObject
Specifies the SQL database object, for which this cmdlet runs the operation.
| Type: | Database |
| Position: | 1 |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | True |
| Accept pipeline input: | True |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-KeyVaultAccessToken
Specifies an access token for key vaults in Azure Key Vault. Use this parameter if the current and/or the target column master key is stored in a key vault in Azure Key Vault.
| Type: | String |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-ManagedHsmAccessToken
Specifies an access token for managed HSMs in Azure Key Vault. Use this parameter if the current and/or the target column master key is stored in a managed HSM in Azure Key Vault.
| Type: | String |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-Path
Specifies the path of the SQL database, for which this cmdlet runs the operation.
If you do not specify a value for this parameter, the cmdlet uses the current working location.
| Type: | String |
| Position: | 1 |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-ProgressAction
Determines how PowerShell responds to progress updates generated by a script, cmdlet, or provider, such as the progress bars generated by the Write-Progress cmdlet. The Write-Progress cmdlet creates progress bars that show a command's status.
| Type: | ActionPreference |
| Aliases: | proga |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-Script
Indicates that this cmdlet runs a Transact-SQL script that performs the task.
| Type: | SwitchParameter |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-SourceColumnMasterKeyName
Specifies the name of the source column master key.
| Type: | String |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | True |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-TargetColumnMasterKeyName
Specifies the name of the target column master key.
| Type: | String |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | True |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
-TrustServerCertificate
Indicates whether the channel will be encrypted while bypassing walking the certificate chain to validate trust.
In v22 of the module, the default is $true (for compatibility with v21). In v23+ of the module, the default value will be '$false', which may create a breaking change for existing scripts.
This parameter is new in v22 of the module.
| Type: | SwitchParameter |
| Position: | Named |
| Default value: | None |
| Required: | False |
| Accept pipeline input: | False |
| Accept wildcard characters: | False |
Inputs
Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database