How to: Exchange Queued Messages with WCF Endpoints

Artikkeli
09/15/2021

Queues ensure that reliable messaging can occur between a client and a Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) service, even if the service is not available at the time of communication. The following procedures show how to ensure durable communication between a client and a service by using the standard queued binding when implementing the WCF service.

This section explains how to use NetMsmqBinding for queued communication between a WCF client and a WCF service.

To use queuing in a WCF service

Define a service contract using an interface marked with the ServiceContractAttribute. Mark the operations in the interface that are part of the service contract with the OperationContractAttribute and specify them as one-way because no response to the method is returned. The following code provides an example service contract and its operation definition.

[ServiceContract(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public interface IOrderProcessor
{
    [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
    void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po);
}

<ServiceContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
Public Interface IOrderProcessor
    <OperationContract(IsOneWay:=True)> _
    Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
End Interface

When the service contract passes user-defined types, you must define data contracts for those types. The following code shows two data contracts, PurchaseOrder and PurchaseOrderLineItem. These two types define data that is sent to the service. (Note that the classes that define this data contract also define a number of methods. These methods are not considered part of the data contract. Only those members that are declared with the DataMemberAttribute attribute are part of the data contract.)

[DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public class PurchaseOrder
{
    static readonly string[] OrderStates = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" };
    static Random statusIndexer = new Random(137);

    [DataMember]
    public string PONumber;

    [DataMember]
    public string CustomerId;

    [DataMember]
    public PurchaseOrderLineItem[] orderLineItems;

    public float TotalCost
    {
        get
        {
            float totalCost = 0;
            foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
                totalCost += lineItem.TotalCost;
            return totalCost;
        }
    }

    public string Status
    {
        get
        {
            return OrderStates[statusIndexer.Next(3)];
        }
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        System.Text.StringBuilder strbuf = new System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " + PONumber + "\n");
        strbuf.Append("\tCustomer: " + CustomerId + "\n");
        strbuf.Append("\tOrderDetails\n");

        foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
        {
            strbuf.Append("\t\t" + lineItem.ToString());
        }

        strbuf.Append("\tTotal cost of this order: $" + TotalCost + "\n");
        strbuf.Append("\tOrder status: " + Status + "\n");
        return strbuf.ToString();
    }
}

<DataContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
Public Class PurchaseOrder
    Private Shared ReadOnly OrderStates() As String = {"Pending", "Processed", "Shipped"}
    Private Shared statusIndexer As New Random(137)

    <DataMember> _
    Public PONumber As String

    <DataMember> _
    Public CustomerId As String

    <DataMember> _
    Public orderLineItems() As PurchaseOrderLineItem

    Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
        Get
            Dim totalCost_Renamed As Single = 0
            For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
                totalCost_Renamed += lineItem.TotalCost
            Next lineItem
            Return totalCost_Renamed
        End Get
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property Status() As String
        Get
            Return OrderStates(statusIndexer.Next(3))
        End Get
    End Property

    Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
        Dim strbuf As New System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " & PONumber & Constants.vbLf)
        strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Customer: " & CustomerId & Constants.vbLf)
        strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "OrderDetails" & Constants.vbLf)

        For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab + Constants.vbTab + lineItem.ToString())
        Next lineItem

        strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Total cost of this order: $" & TotalCost + Constants.vbLf)
        strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Order status: " & Status + Constants.vbLf)
        Return strbuf.ToString()
    End Function
End Class

Implement the methods of the service contract defined in the interface in a class.

public class OrderProcessorService : IOrderProcessor
{
    [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true, TransactionAutoComplete = true)]
    public void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po)
    {
        Orders.Add(po);
        Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po);
    }
}

Public Class OrderProcessorService
    Implements IOrderProcessor
    <OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired:=True, TransactionAutoComplete:=True)> _
    Public Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder) Implements IOrderProcessor.SubmitPurchaseOrder
        Orders.Add(po)
        Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po)
    End Sub
End Class

Notice the OperationBehaviorAttribute placed on the SubmitPurchaseOrder method. This specifies that this operation must be called within a transaction and that the transaction automatically completes when the method completes.

Create a transactional queue using System.Messaging. You can choose to create the queue using Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Microsoft Management Console (MMC) instead. If so, make sure you create a transactional queue.

// Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
if (!MessageQueue.Exists(queueName))
    MessageQueue.Create(queueName, true);

' Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
If (Not MessageQueue.Exists(queueName)) Then
    MessageQueue.Create(queueName, True)
End If

Define a ServiceEndpoint in configuration that specifies the service address and uses the standard NetMsmqBinding binding. For more information about using WCF configuration, see Configuring WCF services.

Create a host for the OrderProcessing service using ServiceHost that reads messages from the queue and processes them. Open the service host to make the service available. Display a message that tells the user to press any key to terminate the service. Call ReadLine to wait for the key to be pressed and then close the service.

// Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(OrderProcessorService)))
{
    // Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
    serviceHost.Open();

    // The service can now be accessed.
    Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
    Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.ReadLine();

    // Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
    serviceHost.Close();
}

' Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
Using serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(OrderProcessorService))
    ' Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
    serviceHost.Open()

    ' The service can now be accessed.
    Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
    Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
    Console.WriteLine()
    Console.ReadLine()

    ' Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
    serviceHost.Close()
End Using

To create a client for the queued service

The following example shows how to run the hosting application and use the Svcutil.exe tool to create the WCF client.
```
svcutil http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service  
```
Define a ServiceEndpoint in configuration that specifies the address and uses the standard NetMsmqBinding binding, as shown in the following example.

Create a transaction scope to write to the transactional queue, call the SubmitPurchaseOrder operation and close the WCF client, as shown in the following example.

//Create a transaction scope.
using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required))
{
    // Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
    client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po);
    // Complete the transaction.
    scope.Complete();
}

//Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
client.Close();

'Create a transaction scope.
Using scope As New TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required)
    ' Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
    client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po)
    ' Complete the transaction.
    scope.Complete()
End Using

'Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
client.Close()

Example

The following examples show the service code, hosting application, App.config file, and client code included for this example.

// This is the service code
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

using System;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    // Define the purchase order line item.
    [DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public class PurchaseOrderLineItem
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string ProductId;

        [DataMember]
        public float UnitCost;

        [DataMember]
        public int Quantity;

        public override string ToString()
        {
            String displayString = "Order LineItem: " + Quantity + " of "  + ProductId + " @unit price: $" + UnitCost + "\n";
            return displayString;
        }

        public float TotalCost
        {
            get { return UnitCost * Quantity; }
        }
    }

    // Define the purchase order.
    [DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public class PurchaseOrder
    {
        static readonly string[] OrderStates = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" };
        static Random statusIndexer = new Random(137);

        [DataMember]
        public string PONumber;

        [DataMember]
        public string CustomerId;

        [DataMember]
        public PurchaseOrderLineItem[] orderLineItems;

        public float TotalCost
        {
            get
            {
                float totalCost = 0;
                foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
                    totalCost += lineItem.TotalCost;
                return totalCost;
            }
        }

        public string Status
        {
            get
            {
                return OrderStates[statusIndexer.Next(3)];
            }
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            System.Text.StringBuilder strbuf = new System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " + PONumber + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tCustomer: " + CustomerId + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tOrderDetails\n");

            foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
            {
                strbuf.Append("\t\t" + lineItem.ToString());
            }

            strbuf.Append("\tTotal cost of this order: $" + TotalCost + "\n");
            strbuf.Append("\tOrder status: " + Status + "\n");
            return strbuf.ToString();
        }
    }

    // Order Processing Logic
    // Can replace with transaction-aware resource such as SQL or transacted hashtable to hold the purchase orders.
    // This example uses a non-transactional resource.
    public class Orders
    {
        static Dictionary<string, PurchaseOrder> purchaseOrders = new Dictionary<string, PurchaseOrder>();

        public static void Add(PurchaseOrder po)
        {
            purchaseOrders.Add(po.PONumber, po);
        }

        public static string GetOrderStatus(string poNumber)
        {
            PurchaseOrder po;
            if (purchaseOrders.TryGetValue(poNumber, out po))
                return po.Status;
            else
                return null;
        }

        public static void DeleteOrder(string poNumber)
        {
            if(purchaseOrders[poNumber] != null)
                purchaseOrders.Remove(poNumber);
        }
    }

    // Define a service contract.
    [ServiceContract(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface IOrderProcessor
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po);
    }

    // Service class that implements the service contract.
    // Added code to write output to the console window.
    public class OrderProcessorService : IOrderProcessor
    {
        [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true, TransactionAutoComplete = true)]
        public void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po)
        {
            Orders.Add(po);
            Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po);
        }
    }
}

' This is the service code
'  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

Imports System.ServiceModel.Channels
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Collections.Generic

Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
    ' Define the purchase order line item.
    <DataContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Class PurchaseOrderLineItem
        <DataMember> _
        Public ProductId As String

        <DataMember> _
        Public UnitCost As Single

        <DataMember> _
        Public Quantity As Integer

        Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
            Dim displayString As String = "Order LineItem: " & Quantity & " of " & ProductId & " @unit price: $" & UnitCost + Constants.vbLf
            Return displayString
        End Function

        Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
            Get
                Return UnitCost * Quantity
            End Get
        End Property
    End Class

    ' Define the purchase order.
    <DataContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Class PurchaseOrder
        Private Shared ReadOnly OrderStates() As String = {"Pending", "Processed", "Shipped"}
        Private Shared statusIndexer As New Random(137)

        <DataMember> _
        Public PONumber As String

        <DataMember> _
        Public CustomerId As String

        <DataMember> _
        Public orderLineItems() As PurchaseOrderLineItem

        Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
            Get
                Dim totalCost_Renamed As Single = 0
                For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
                    totalCost_Renamed += lineItem.TotalCost
                Next lineItem
                Return totalCost_Renamed
            End Get
        End Property

        Public ReadOnly Property Status() As String
            Get
                Return OrderStates(statusIndexer.Next(3))
            End Get
        End Property

        Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
            Dim strbuf As New System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " & PONumber & Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Customer: " & CustomerId & Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "OrderDetails" & Constants.vbLf)

            For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
                strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab + Constants.vbTab + lineItem.ToString())
            Next lineItem

            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Total cost of this order: $" & TotalCost + Constants.vbLf)
            strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Order status: " & Status + Constants.vbLf)
            Return strbuf.ToString()
        End Function
    End Class

    ' Order Processing Logic
    ' Can replace with transaction-aware resource such as SQL or transacted hashtable to hold the purchase orders.
    ' This example uses a non-transactional resource.
    Public Class Orders
        Private Shared purchaseOrders As New Dictionary(Of String, PurchaseOrder)()

        Public Shared Sub Add(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
            purchaseOrders.Add(po.PONumber, po)
        End Sub

        Public Shared Function GetOrderStatus(ByVal poNumber As String) As String
            Dim po As PurchaseOrder = Nothing
            If purchaseOrders.TryGetValue(poNumber, po) Then
                Return po.Status
            Else
                Return Nothing
            End If
        End Function

        Public Shared Sub DeleteOrder(ByVal poNumber As String)
            If purchaseOrders(poNumber) IsNot Nothing Then
                purchaseOrders.Remove(poNumber)
            End If
        End Sub
    End Class

    ' Define a service contract. 
    <ServiceContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
    Public Interface IOrderProcessor
        <OperationContract(IsOneWay:=True)> _
        Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
    End Interface

    ' Service class that implements the service contract.
    ' Added code to write output to the console window.
    Public Class OrderProcessorService
        Implements IOrderProcessor
        <OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired:=True, TransactionAutoComplete:=True)> _
        Public Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder) Implements IOrderProcessor.SubmitPurchaseOrder
            Orders.Add(po)
            Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po)
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

// This is the hosting application.

using System;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    class hostApp
    {
        // Host the service within this EXE console application.
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Get MSMQ queue name from appsettings in configuration.
            string queueName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["queueName"];

            // Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
            if (!MessageQueue.Exists(queueName))
                MessageQueue.Create(queueName, true);

            // Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
            using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(OrderProcessorService)))
            {
                // Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
                serviceHost.Open();

                // The service can now be accessed.
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.ReadLine();

                // Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
                serviceHost.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

' This is the hosting application.

Imports System.ServiceModel.Channels
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Collections.Generic

Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
    Friend Class hostApp
        ' Host the service within this EXE console application.
        Public Shared Sub Main()
            ' Get MSMQ queue name from appsettings in configuration.
            Dim queueName As String = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("queueName")

            ' Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
            If (Not MessageQueue.Exists(queueName)) Then
                MessageQueue.Create(queueName, True)
            End If

            ' Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
            Using serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(OrderProcessorService))
                ' Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
                serviceHost.Open()

                ' The service can now be accessed.
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
                Console.WriteLine()
                Console.ReadLine()

                ' Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
                serviceHost.Close()
            End Using
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

// This is the client code.
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    //The service contract is defined in generatedClient.cs, generated from the service by the svcutil tool.

    //Client implementation code.
    class Client
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            // Create a client.
            OrderProcessorClient client = new OrderProcessorClient();

            // Create the purchase order.
            PurchaseOrder po = new PurchaseOrder();
            po.CustomerId = "somecustomer.com";
            po.PONumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

            PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem1 = new PurchaseOrderLineItem();
            lineItem1.ProductId = "Blue Widget";
            lineItem1.Quantity = 54;
            lineItem1.UnitCost = 29.99F;

            PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem2 = new PurchaseOrderLineItem();
            lineItem2.ProductId = "Red Widget";
            lineItem2.Quantity = 890;
            lineItem2.UnitCost = 45.89F;

            po.orderLineItems = new PurchaseOrderLineItem[2];
            po.orderLineItems[0] = lineItem1;
            po.orderLineItems[1] = lineItem2;

            //Create a transaction scope.
            using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required))
            {
                // Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
                client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po);
                // Complete the transaction.
                scope.Complete();
            }

            //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
            client.Close();

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

' This is the client code.
'  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions

Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
    'The service contract is defined in generatedClient.cs, generated from the service by the svcutil tool.

    'Client implementation code.
    Friend Class Client
        Shared Sub Main()
            ' Create a client.
            Dim client As New OrderProcessorClient()

            ' Create the purchase order.
            Dim po As New PurchaseOrder()
            po.CustomerId = "somecustomer.com"
            po.PONumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString()

            Dim lineItem1 As New PurchaseOrderLineItem()
            lineItem1.ProductId = "Blue Widget"
            lineItem1.Quantity = 54
            lineItem1.UnitCost = 29.99F

            Dim lineItem2 As New PurchaseOrderLineItem()
            lineItem2.ProductId = "Red Widget"
            lineItem2.Quantity = 890
            lineItem2.UnitCost = 45.89F

            po.orderLineItems = New PurchaseOrderLineItem(1) {}
            po.orderLineItems(0) = lineItem1
            po.orderLineItems(1) = lineItem2

            'Create a transaction scope.
            Using scope As New TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required)
                ' Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
                client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po)
                ' Complete the transaction.
                scope.Complete()
            End Using

            'Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
            client.Close()

            Console.WriteLine()
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.")
            Console.ReadLine()
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

Jaa

How to: Exchange Queued Messages with WCF Endpoints

To use queuing in a WCF service

To create a client for the queued service

Example

See also

Lisäresursseja