Install the .NET SDK or the .NET Runtime on Debian
This article describes how to install .NET on Debian. When a Debian version falls out of support, .NET is no longer supported with that version. However, these instructions may help you to get .NET running on those versions, even though it isn't supported.
Install the SDK (which includes the runtime) if you want to develop .NET apps. Or, if you only need to run apps, install the Runtime. If you're installing the Runtime, we suggest you install the ASP.NET Core Runtime as it includes both .NET and ASP.NET Core runtimes.
Use the dotnet --list-sdks and dotnet --list-runtimes commands to see which versions are installed. For more information, see How to check that .NET is already installed.
Important
Using a package manager to install .NET from the Microsoft package feed only supports the x64 architecture. Other architectures, such as Arm, aren't supported by the Microsoft package feed.
For more information on installing .NET without a package manager, see one of the following articles:
Supported distributions
The following table is a list of currently supported .NET releases and the versions of Debian they're supported on. These versions remain supported until either the version of .NET reaches end-of-support or the version of Debian reaches end-of-life.
| Debian | .NET |
|---|---|
| 12 | 9, 8 |
The following versions of .NET are ❌ no longer supported:
- .NET 7
- .NET 6
- .NET 5
- .NET Core 3.1
- .NET Core 3.0
- .NET Core 2.2
- .NET Core 2.1
- .NET Core 2.0
Install preview versions
Preview and release candidate versions of .NET aren't available in package repositories. You can install previews and release candidates of .NET in one of the following ways:
Remove preview versions
When using a package manager to manage your installation of .NET, you may run into a conflict if you've previously installed a preview release. The package manager may interpret the non-preview release as an earlier version of .NET. To install the non-preview release, first uninstall the preview versions. For more information about uninstalling .NET, see How to remove the .NET Runtime and SDK.
Debian 12
Installing with APT can be done with a few commands. Before you install .NET, run the following commands to add the Microsoft package signing key to your list of trusted keys and add the package repository.
Open a terminal and run the following commands:
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/12/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
sudo dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
rm packages-microsoft-prod.deb
Install the SDK
The .NET SDK allows you to develop apps with .NET. If you install the .NET SDK, you don't need to install the corresponding runtime. To install the .NET SDK, run the following commands:
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install -y dotnet-sdk-9.0
To learn how to use the .NET CLI, see .NET CLI overview.
Install the runtime
The ASP.NET Core Runtime allows you to run apps that were made with .NET that didn't provide the runtime. The following commands install the ASP.NET Core Runtime, which is the most compatible runtime for .NET. In your terminal, run the following commands:
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install -y aspnetcore-runtime-9.0
As an alternative to the ASP.NET Core Runtime, you can install the .NET Runtime, which doesn't include ASP.NET Core support: replace aspnetcore-runtime-9.0 in the previous command with dotnet-runtime-9.0:
sudo apt-get install -y dotnet-runtime-9.0
To learn how to use the .NET CLI, see .NET CLI overview.
Use APT to update .NET
When a new patch release is available for .NET, you can simply upgrade it through APT with the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
If you've upgraded your Linux distribution since installing .NET, you may need to reconfigure the Microsoft package repository. Run the installation instructions for your current distribution version to upgrade to the appropriate package repository for .NET updates.
Troubleshooting
This section provides information on common errors you may get while using APT to install .NET.
Unable to find package
Important
Using a package manager to install .NET from the Microsoft package feed only supports the x64 architecture. Other architectures, such as Arm, aren't supported by the Microsoft package feed.
For more information on installing .NET without a package manager, see one of the following articles:
Unable to locate \ Some packages could not be installed
If you receive an error message similar to Unable to locate package {dotnet-package} or Some packages could not be installed, run the following commands.
There are two placeholders in the following set of commands.
{dotnet-package}
This represents the .NET package you're installing, such asaspnetcore-runtime-8.0. This is used in the followingsudo apt-get installcommand.
First, try purging the package list:
sudo dpkg --purge packages-microsoft-prod && sudo dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
sudo apt-get update
Then, try to install .NET again. If that doesn't work, you can run a manual install with the following commands:
If you're using Debian 12 or later, try the following commands:
# Get OS version info which adds the $ID and $VERSION_ID variables
source /etc/os-release
# Download the Microsoft keys
sudo apt-get install -y gpg wget
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
cat microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor -o microsoft.asc.gpg
# Add the Microsoft repository to the system's sources list
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/$ID/$VERSION_ID/prod.list
sudo mv prod.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list
# Move the key to the appropriate place
sudo mv microsoft.asc.gpg $(cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list | grep -oP "(?<=signed-by=).*(?=\])")
# Update packages and install .NET
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install -y {dotnet-package}
If you're using a Debian version prior to 12, try the following commands:
# Define the OS version, name, and codename
source /etc/os-release
# Download the Microsoft keys
sudo apt-get install -y gpg wget
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
cat microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor -o microsoft.asc.gpg
sudo mv microsoft.asc.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
# Add the Microsoft repository to the system's sources list
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/$ID/$VERSION_ID/prod.list
sudo mv prod.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list
# Set ownership
sudo chown root:root /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc.gpg
sudo chown root:root /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list
# Update packages and install .NET
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install -y {dotnet-package}
Failed to fetch
While installing the .NET package, you may see an error similar to Failed to fetch ... File has unexpected size ... Mirror sync in progress?. This error could mean that the package feed for .NET is being upgraded with newer package versions, and that you should try again later. During an upgrade, the package feed shouldn't be unavailable for more than 30 minutes. If you continually receive this error for more than 30 minutes, please file an issue at https://github.com/dotnet/core/issues.
Dependencies
When you install with a package manager, these libraries are installed for you. But, if you manually install .NET or you publish a self-contained app, you'll need to make sure these libraries are installed:
12.x
- libc6
- libgcc-s1
- libgssapi-krb5-2
- libicu72
- libssl3
- libstdc++6
- zlib1g
11.x
- libc6
- libgcc-s1
- libgssapi-krb5-2
- libicu67
- libssl1.1
- libstdc++6
- zlib1g
10.x
- libc6
- libgcc1
- libgssapi-krb5-2
- libicu63
- libssl1.1
- libstdc++6
- zlib1g
Other notes
Dependencies can be installed with the apt install command. The following snippet demonstrates installing the libc6 library:
sudo apt install libc6
If the .NET app uses the System.Drawing.Common assembly, libgdiplus must be installed. For more information, see System.Drawing.Common only supported on Windows.
You can install a recent version of libgdiplus by adding the Mono repository to your system.
