Add a custom pipelines task extension

Artículo
03/22/2022

TFS 2018

Learn how to install extensions to your organization for custom build or release tasks in Azure DevOps. For more information, see What is Azure Pipelines?

Note

This article covers agent tasks in agent-based extensions. For more information on server tasks and server-based extensions, see the Server Task GitHub Documentation.

Prerequisites

To create extensions for Azure DevOps, you need the following software and tools.

Software/tool	Information
Azure DevOps organization	Create an organization.
A text editor	For many procedures, we use Visual Studio Code, which provides intellisense and debugging support. Download the latest version.
Node.js	Download the latest version.
npmjs.com 4.0.2 or newer	TypeScript Compiler. Download the latest version.
tfx-cli	Package your extension with Cross-platform CLI for Azure DevOps. using `npm`, a component of Node.js, by running `npm i -g tfx-cli`.
Azure DevOps extension SDK	Install the azure-devops-extension-sdk package.
A `home` directory for your project	The `home` directory of a build or release task extension should look like the following example after you complete the steps in this article.

|--- README.md    
|--- images                        
    |--- extension-icon.png  
|--- buildandreleasetask            // where your task scripts are placed
|--- vss-extension.json             // extension's manifest

Important

The dev machine must run the latest version of Node to ensure that the written code is compatible with the production environment on the agent and the latest non-preview version of azure-pipelines-task-lib. Update your task.json file as per the following command:

"execution": {
   "Node16": {
     "target": "index.js"
   }
 }

1. Create a custom task

Do every part of this procedure within the buildandreleasetask folder.

Note

This example walk-through uses Windows with PowerShell. We made it generic for all platforms, but the syntax for getting environment variables is different. If you're using a Mac or Linux, replace any instances of $env:<var>=<val> with export <var>=<val>.

Create task scaffolding

Create the folder structure for the task and install the required libraries and dependencies.
Open a PowerShell command window, go to your buildandreleasetask folder, and run the following command.
```
npm init --yes
```
npm init creates the package.json file. We added the --yes parameter to accept all of the default npm init options.

Tip

The agent doesn't automatically install the required modules because it's expecting your task folder to include the node modules. To mitigate this, copy the node_modules to buildandreleasetask. As your task gets bigger, it's easy to exceed the size limit (50MB) of a VSIX file. Before you copy the node folder, you may want to run npm install --production or npm prune --production, or you can write a script to build and pack everything.

Add azure-pipelines-task-lib to your library.

npm install azure-pipelines-task-lib --save

Ensure that TypeScript typings are installed for external dependencies.
```
npm install @types/node --save-dev
npm install @types/q --save-dev
```
Create a .gitignore file and add node_modules to it. Your build process should do an npm install and a typings install so that node_modules are built each time and don't need to be checked in.
```
echo node_modules > .gitignore
```

Install Mocha as a development dependency.

npm install mocha --save-dev -g
npm install sync-request --save-dev
npm install @types/mocha --save-dev

Choose TypeScript version 2.3.4 or 4.6.3.
```
npm install typescript@4.6.3 -g --save-dev
```
Note

Make sure that TypeScript is installed globally with npm in your development environment, so the tsc command is available. If you skip this step, TypeScript version 2.3.4 gets used by default, and you still have to install the package globally to have the tsc command available.
Create tsconfig.json compiler options. This file ensures that your TypeScript files are compiled to JavaScript files.
```
tsc --init --target es2022
```

Create task

Now that the scaffolding is complete, we can create our custom task.

Create a task.json file in the buildandreleasetask folder. The task.json file describes the build/release task and is what the build/release system uses to render configuration options to the user and to know which scripts to execute at build/release time.

Copy the following code and replace the {{placeholders}} with your task's information. The most important placeholder is the taskguid, and it must be unique.

{
 "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Microsoft/azure-pipelines-task-lib/master/tasks.schema.json",
 "id": "{{taskguid}}",
 "name": "{{taskname}}",
 "friendlyName": "{{taskfriendlyname}}",
 "description": "{{taskdescription}}",
 "helpMarkDown": "",
 "category": "Utility",
 "author": "{{taskauthor}}",
 "version": {
     "Major": 0,
     "Minor": 1,
     "Patch": 0
 },
 "instanceNameFormat": "Echo $(samplestring)",
 "inputs": [
     {
         "name": "samplestring",
         "type": "string",
         "label": "Sample String",
         "defaultValue": "",
         "required": true,
         "helpMarkDown": "A sample string"
     }
 ],
 "execution": {
     "Node": {
         "target": "index.js"
     }
 }
 }

Create an index.ts file by using the following code as a reference. This code runs when the task gets called.

import tl = require('azure-pipelines-task-lib/task');

 async function run() {
     try {
         const inputString: string | undefined = tl.getInput('samplestring', true);
         if (inputString == 'bad') {
             tl.setResult(tl.TaskResult.Failed, 'Bad input was given');
             return;
         }
         console.log('Hello', inputString);
     }
     catch (err:any) {
         tl.setResult(tl.TaskResult.Failed, err.message);
     }
 }

 run();

Enter "tsc" from the buildandreleasetask folder to compile an index.js file from index.ts.

task.json components

See the following descriptions of some of the components of the task.json file.

Property	Description
`id`	A unique GUID for your task.
`name`	Name with no spaces.
`friendlyName`	Descriptive name (spaces allowed).
`description`	Detailed description of what your task does.
`author`	Short string describing the entity developing the build or release task, for example: "Microsoft Corporation."
`instanceNameFormat`	How the task displays within the build/release step list. You can use variable values by using $(variablename).
`groups`	Describes the logical grouping of task properties in the UI.
`inputs`	Inputs to be used when your build or release task runs. This task expects an input with the name samplestring.
`execution`	Execution options for this task, including scripts.
`restrictions`	Restrictions being applied to the task about GitHub Codespaces commands task can call, and variables task can set. We recommend that you specify restriction mode for new tasks.

Note

Create an id with the following command in PowerShell:

(New-Guid).Guid

For more information, see the Build/release task reference.

Run the task

Run the task with node index.js from PowerShell.

In the following example, the task fails because inputs weren't supplied (samplestring is a required input).

 node index.js
 ##vso[task.debug]agent.workFolder=undefined
 ##vso[task.debug]loading inputs and endpoints
 ##vso[task.debug]loaded 0
 ##vso[task.debug]task result: Failed
 ##vso[task.issue type=error;]Input required: samplestring
 ##vso[task.complete result=Failed;]Input required: samplestring

As a fix, we can set the samplestring input and run the task again.

$env:INPUT_SAMPLESTRING="Human"
node index.js
##vso[task.debug]agent.workFolder=undefined
##vso[task.debug]loading inputs and endpoints
##vso[task.debug]loading INPUT_SAMPLESTRING
##vso[task.debug]loaded 1
##vso[task.debug]Agent.ProxyUrl=undefined
##vso[task.debug]Agent.CAInfo=undefined
##vso[task.debug]Agent.ClientCert=undefined
##vso[task.debug]Agent.SkipCertValidation=undefined
##vso[task.debug]samplestring=Human
Hello Human

This time, the task succeeded because samplestring was supplied and it correctly outputted "Hello Human!"

Tip

For information about various task runners and how to include the latest node version in the task.json, see Node runner update guidance for Azure Pipelines task authors.

2. Unit test your task scripts

Do unit tests to quickly test the task script, and not the external tools that it calls. Test all aspects of both success and failure paths.

Install test tools. We use Mocha as the test driver in this procedure.

npm install mocha --save-dev -g
npm install sync-request --save-dev
npm install @types/mocha --save-dev

Create a tests folder containing a _suite.ts file with the following contents:

import * as path from 'path';
import * as assert from 'assert';
import * as ttm from 'azure-pipelines-task-lib/mock-test';

describe('Sample task tests', function () {

    before( function() {

    });

    after(() => {

    });

    it('should succeed with simple inputs', function(done: Mocha.Done) {
        // Add success test here
    });

    it('it should fail if tool returns 1', function(done: Mocha.Done) {
        // Add failure test here
    });    
});

Tip

Your test folder should be located in the buildandreleasetask folder. If you get a sync-request error, you can work around it by adding sync-request to the buildandreleasetask folder with the command npm i --save-dev sync-request.

Create a success.ts file in your test directory with the following contents. This file creation simulates running the task and mocks all calls to outside methods.

import ma = require('azure-pipelines-task-lib/mock-answer');
import tmrm = require('azure-pipelines-task-lib/mock-run');
import path = require('path');

let taskPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'index.js');
let tmr: tmrm.TaskMockRunner = new tmrm.TaskMockRunner(taskPath);

tmr.setInput('samplestring', 'human');

tmr.run();

The success test validates that with the appropriate inputs, it succeeds with no errors or warnings and returns the correct output.

Add the following example success test to your _suite.ts file to run the task mock runner.

    it('should succeed with simple inputs', function(done: Mocha.Done) {
    this.timeout(1000);

    let tp: string = path.join(__dirname, 'success.js');
    let tr: ttm.MockTestRunner = new ttm.MockTestRunner(tp);

    // tr.run(); //current, old function.
    tr.runAsync().then(() => {
        console.log(tr.succeeded);
        assert.equal(tr.succeeded, true, 'should have succeeded');
        assert.equal(tr.warningIssues.length, 0, "should have no warnings");
        assert.equal(tr.errorIssues.length, 0, "should have no errors");
        console.log(tr.stdout);
        assert.equal(tr.stdout.indexOf('Hello human') >= 0, true, "should display Hello human");
        done();
    }).catch((error) => {
        done(error); // Ensure the test case fails if there's an error
    });
});

Create a failure.ts file in your test directory as your task mock runner with the following contents:

import ma = require('azure-pipelines-task-lib/mock-answer');
import tmrm = require('azure-pipelines-task-lib/mock-run');
import path = require('path');

let taskPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'index.js');
let tmr: tmrm.TaskMockRunner = new tmrm.TaskMockRunner(taskPath);

tmr.setInput('samplestring', 'bad');

tmr.run();

The failure test validates that when the tool gets bad or incomplete input, it fails in the expected way with helpful output.

Add the following code to your _suite.ts file to run the task mock runner.

it('it should fail if tool returns 1', function(done: Mocha.Done) {
    this.timeout(1000);

    let tp = path.join(__dirname, 'failure.js');
    let tr: ttm.MockTestRunner = new ttm.MockTestRunner(tp);

    tr.run();
    console.log(tr.succeeded);
    assert.equal(tr.succeeded, false, 'should have failed');
    assert.equal(tr.warningIssues.length, 0, "should have no warnings");
    assert.equal(tr.errorIssues.length, 1, "should have 1 error issue");
    assert.equal(tr.errorIssues[0], 'Bad input was given', 'error issue output');
    assert.equal(tr.stdout.indexOf('Hello bad'), -1, "Should not display Hello bad");

    done();
});

Run the tests.
```
tsc
mocha tests/_suite.js
```
Both tests should pass. If you want to run the tests with more verbose output (what you'd see in the build console), set the environment variable: TASK_TEST_TRACE=1.
```
$env:TASK_TEST_TRACE=1
```

3. Create the extension manifest file

The extension manifest contains all of the information about your extension. It includes links to your files, including your task folders and images folders. Ensure you created an images folder with extension-icon.png. The following example is an extension manifest that contains the build or release task.

Copy the following .json code and save it as your vss-extension.json file in your home directory.

Don't create this file in the buildandreleasetask folder.

{
    "manifestVersion": 1,
    "id": "build-release-task",
    "name": "Fabrikam Build and Release Tools",
    "version": "0.0.1",
    "publisher": "fabrikam",
    "targets": [
        {
            "id": "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Services"
        }
    ],    
    "description": "Tools for building/releasing with Fabrikam. Includes one build/release task.",
    "categories": [
        "Azure Pipelines"
    ],
    "icons": {
        "default": "images/extension-icon.png"        
    },
    "files": [
        {
            "path": "buildandreleasetask"
        }
    ],
    "contributions": [
        {
            "id": "custom-build-release-task",
            "type": "ms.vss-distributed-task.task",
            "targets": [
                "ms.vss-distributed-task.tasks"
            ],
            "properties": {
                "name": "buildandreleasetask"
            }
        }
    ]
}

Note

Change the publisher to your publisher name. For more information, see Create a publisher.

Contributions

Property	Description
`id`	Identifier of the contribution. Must be unique within the extension. Doesn't need to match the name of the build or release task. Typically the build or release task name is in the ID of the contribution.
`type`	Type of the contribution. Should be ms.vss-distributed-task.task.
`targets`	Contributions "targeted" by this contribution. Should be ms.vss-distributed-task.tasks.
`properties.name`	Name of the task. This name must match the folder name of the corresponding self-contained build or release pipeline task.

Files

Property	Description
`path`	Path of the file or folder relative to the `home` directory.

Note

For more information about the extension manifest file, such as its properties and what they do, see the extension manifest reference.

4. Package your extension

Package all of your files together to get your extension into the Visual Studio Marketplace. All extensions are packaged as VSIX 2.0-compatible .vsix files. Microsoft provides a cross-platform command-line interface (CLI) to package your extension.

Once you have the tfx-cli, go to your extension's home directory, and run the following command:

tfx extension create --manifest-globs vss-extension.json

Note

An extension or integration's version must be incremented on every update. When you're updating an existing extension, either update the version in the manifest or pass the --rev-version command line switch. This increments the patch version number of your extension and saves the new version to your manifest. You must rev both the task version and extension version for an update to occur. tfx extension create --manifest-globs vss-extension.json --rev-version only updates the extension version and not the task version. For more information, see Build Task in GitHub.

Once your packaged extension is in a .vsix file, you're ready to publish your extension to the Marketplace.

5. Publish your extension

To publish your extension, you first create your publisher, then upload your extension, and finally share it.

Create your publisher

All extensions, including extensions from Microsoft, are identified as being provided by a publisher. If you aren't already a member of an existing publisher, you create one.

Sign in to the Visual Studio Marketplace Publishing Portal.
If you aren't already a member of an existing publisher, you're prompted to create a publisher. If you're not prompted to create a publisher, scroll down to the bottom of the page and select Publish extensions under Related Sites.
- Specify an identifier for your publisher, for example: mycompany-myteam.
  - This identifier is used as the value for the publisher attribute in your extensions' manifest file.
- Specify a display name for your publisher, for example: My Team.
Review the Marketplace Publisher Agreement and select Create.

Your publisher is defined. In a future release, you can grant permissions to view and manage your publisher's extensions. It's easier and more secure to publish extensions under a common publisher, without the need to share a set of credentials across users.

Upload your extension

Find the Upload new extension button, go to your packaged .vsix file, and select Upload.

You can also upload your extension via the command line interface (CLI) by using the tfx extension publish command instead of tfx extension create to package and publish your extension in one step. You can optionally use --share-with to share your extension with one or more accounts after it gets published.
```
tfx extension publish --manifest-globs your-manifest.json --share-with yourOrganization
```
Create a personal access token (PAT).
- Select the "Marketplace (publish)" scope. This scope limits the token to only being able to publish extensions to the Marketplace.

Now that you uploaded your extension, it's in the Marketplace, but no one can see it. Share it with your organization so that you can install and test it.

Right-select your extension and select Share, and enter your organization information. You can share it with other accounts that you want to have access to your extension, too.

Important

Publishers must be verified to share extensions publicly. To learn more, see Package/Publish/Install.

Now that your extension is shared in the Marketplace, anyone who wants to use it must install it.

6. Create a build and release pipeline to publish the extension to Marketplace

Create a build and release pipeline on Azure DevOps to help maintain the custom task on the Marketplace.

Prerequisites

Software/tool

Information

Azure DevOps project

Create a project.

Azure DevOps Extension Tasks extension

Install for free, Azure DevOps Extension Tasks in your organization.

Pipeline library variable group

Create a pipeline library variable group to hold the variables used by the pipeline. For more information, see Add and use variable groups. You can make variable groups from the Azure DevOps Library tab or through the CLI. Use the variables within this group in your pipeline. Also, declare the following variables in the variable group:

publisherId: ID of your marketplace publisher
extensionId: ID of your extension, as declared in the vss-extension.json file
extensionName: Name of your extension, as declared in the vss-extension.json file
artifactName: Name of the artifact being created for the VSIX file

Service connection

Create a new Marketplace service connection and grant access permissions for all pipelines.

For more information, see Specify events that trigger pipelines.

Note

Each job uses a new user agent and requires dependencies to be installed.

Pipeline stages

The following section helps you understand how the pipeline stages work.

Stage 1: Run and publish unit tests

This stage runs unit tests and publishes test results to Azure DevOps.

To run unit tests, add a custom script to the package.json file like the following example.

"scripts": {
    "testScript": "mocha ./TestFile --reporter xunit --reporter-option output=ResultsFile.xml"
},

Add "Use Node CLI for Azure DevOps (tfx-cli)" to install the tfx-cli onto your build agent.
Add the "npm" task with the "install" command and target the folder with the package.json file.
Add the "Bash" task to compile the TypeScript into JavaScript.
Add the "npm" task with the "custom" command, target the folder that contains the unit tests, and input testScript as the command. Use the following inputs:
- Command: custom
- Working folder that contains package.json: /TestsDirectory
- Command and arguments: testScript
Add the "Publish Test Results" task. If you're using the Mocha XUnit reporter, ensure that the result format is "JUnit" and not "XUnit." Set the search folder to the root directory. Use the following inputs:
- Test result format: JUnit
- Test results files: **/ResultsFile.xml
- Search folder: $(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)
After the test results get published, the output under the tests tab should look like the following example.

Stage 2: Package the extension and publish build artifacts

Add "Use Node CLI for Azure DevOps (tfx-cli)" to install the tfx-cli onto your build agent.
Add the "npm" task with the "install" command and target the folder with the package.json file.
Add the "Bash" task to compile the TypeScript into JavaScript.
Add the "Query Extension Version" task to query the existing extension version. Use the following inputs:
- Connect to: Visual Studio Marketplace
- Visual Studio Marketplace (Service connection): Service Connection
- Publisher ID: ID of your Visual Studio Marketplace publisher
- Extension ID: ID of your extension in the vss-extension.json file
- Increase version: Patch
- Output Variable: Task.Extension.Version
Add the "Package Extension" task to package the extensions based on manifest Json. Use the following inputs:
- Root manifests folder: Points to root directory that contains manifest file. For example, $(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory) is the root directory
- Manifest file(s): vss-extension.json
- Publisher ID: ID of your Visual Studio Marketplace publisher
- Extension ID: ID of your extension in the vss-extension.json file
- Extension Name: Name of your extension in the vss-extension.json file
- Extension Version: $(Task.Extension.Version)
- Override tasks version: checked (true)
- Override Type: Replace Only Patch (1.0.r)
- Extension Visibility: If the extension is still in development, set the value to private. To release the extension to the public, set the value to public
Add the "Copy files" task to copy published files. Use the following inputs:
- Contents: All of the files to be copied for publishing them as an artifact
- Target folder: The folder that the files get copied to
  - For example: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
Add "Publish build artifacts" to publish the artifacts for use in other jobs or pipelines. Use the following inputs:
- Path to publish: The path to the folder that contains the files that are being published
  - For example: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
- Artifact name: The name given to the artifact
- Artifacts publish location: Choose "Azure Pipelines" to use the artifact in future jobs

Stage 3: Download build artifacts and publish the extension

Add "Use Node CLI for Azure DevOps (tfx-cli)" to install the tfx-cli onto your build agent.
Add the "Download build artifacts" task to download the artifacts onto a new job. Use the following inputs:
- Download artifacts produced by: If you're downloading the artifact on a new job from the same pipeline, select "Current build." If you're downloading on a new pipeline, select "Specific build."
- Download type: Choose "Specific artifact" to download all files that were published.
- Artifact name: The published artifact's name.
- Destination directory: The folder where the files should be downloaded.
The last task that you need is the "Publish Extension" task. Use the following inputs:
- Connect to: Visual Studio Marketplace
- Visual Studio Marketplace connection: ServiceConnection
- Input file type: VSIX file
- VSIX file: /Publisher.*.vsix
- Publisher ID: ID of your Visual Studio Marketplace publisher
- Extension ID: ID of your extension in the vss-extension.json file
- Extension Name: Name of your extension in the vss-extension.json file
- Extension visibility: Either private or public

Optional: Install and test your extension

Install an extension that is shared with you in just a few steps:

From your organization control panel (https://dev.azure.com/{organization}/_admin), go to the project collection administration page.
In the Extensions tab, find your extension in the "Extensions Shared With Me" group and select the extension link.
Install the extension.

If you can't see the Extensions tab, make sure you're in the control panel (the administration page at the project collection level, https://dev.azure.com/{organization}/_admin) and not the administration page for a project.

If you don't see the Extensions tab, then extensions aren't enabled for your organization. You can get early access to the extensions feature by joining the Visual Studio Partner Program.

To package and publish Azure DevOps Extensions to the Visual Studio Marketplace, you can download Azure DevOps Extension Tasks.

FAQs

See the following frequently asked questions (FAQs) about adding custom build or release tasks in extensions for Azure DevOps.

Q: How can I restrict Azure Pipelines commands usage for task?

You can restrict Azure Pipelines commands usage and variables, which get set by task. This action could be useful to prevent unrestricted access to variables/vso commands for custom scripts which task executes. We recommend that you set it up for new tasks. To apply, you might need to add the following statement to your task.json file:

  "restrictions": {
    "commands": {
      "mode": "restricted"
    },
    "settableVariables": {
      "allowed": ["variable1", "test*"]
    }
}

If restricted value is specified for mode - you can only execute the following commands by the task:

logdetail
logissue
complete
setprogress
setsecret
setvariable
debug
settaskvariable
prependpath
publish

The settableVariables restrictions allow you to pass in an allowlist of variables, which get set by setvariable or prependpath commands. It also allows basic regular expressions. For example, if your allowlist was: ['abc', 'test*'], setting abc, test, or test1 as variables with any value or prepending them to the path would succeed, but if you try to set a variable proxy it would warn. Empty list means that no variables get changed by task.

If either the settableVariables or commands key is omitted, relevant restriction isn't applied.

The restriction feature is available from 2.182.1 agent version.

Q: How is the cancellation signal handled by a task?

A: The pipeline agent sends SIGINT and SIGTERM signals to the relevant child process. There are no explicit means in the task library to process. For more information, see Agent jobs cancellation.

Q: How can I remove the task from project collection?

A: We don't support the automatic deletion of tasks. Automatic deletion isn't safe and breaks existing pipelines that already use such tasks. But, you can mark tasks as deprecated. To do so, bump the task version and mark the task as deprecated.

Q: How can I upgrade a task to the latest Node?

A: We recommend upgrading to the latest Node version. For example information, see Upgrading tasks to Node 16.

Compartir vía

Add a custom pipelines task extension

Prerequisites

1. Create a custom task

Create task scaffolding

Create task

task.json components

Run the task

2. Unit test your task scripts

3. Create the extension manifest file

Contributions

Files

4. Package your extension

5. Publish your extension

Create your publisher

Upload your extension

6. Create a build and release pipeline to publish the extension to Marketplace

Prerequisites

Pipeline stages

Stage 1: Run and publish unit tests

Stage 2: Package the extension and publish build artifacts

Stage 3: Download build artifacts and publish the extension

Optional: Install and test your extension

FAQs

Q: How can I restrict Azure Pipelines commands usage for task?

Q: How is the cancellation signal handled by a task?

Q: How can I remove the task from project collection?

Q: How can I upgrade a task to the latest Node?

Recursos adicionales

Compartir vía

Add a custom pipelines task extension

Prerequisites

1. Create a custom task

Create task scaffolding

Create task

task.json components

Run the task

2. Unit test your task scripts

3. Create the extension manifest file

Contributions

Files

4. Package your extension

5. Publish your extension

Create your publisher

Upload your extension

Share your extension

6. Create a build and release pipeline to publish the extension to Marketplace

Prerequisites

Pipeline stages

Stage 1: Run and publish unit tests

Stage 2: Package the extension and publish build artifacts

Stage 3: Download build artifacts and publish the extension

Optional: Install and test your extension

FAQs

Q: How can I restrict Azure Pipelines commands usage for task?

Q: How is the cancellation signal handled by a task?

Q: How can I remove the task from project collection?

Q: How can I upgrade a task to the latest Node?

Related articles

Recursos adicionales