Obtener un cursor FAST_FORWARD
Se aplica a: 
SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)
Para obtener un cursor de solo avance y de solo lectura, establezca las propiedades del conjunto de filas DBPROP_SERVERCURSOR, DBPROP_OTHERINSERT, DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE, DBPROP_OWNINSERT y DBPROP_OWNUPDATEDELETE en VARIANT_TRUE.
En un ejemplo completo se muestra cómo establecer las propiedades del conjunto de filas para obtener un cursor FAST_FORWARD. Una vez que se han establecido las propiedades, se ejecuta una instrucción SELECT para recuperar y mostrar la columna Name de la tabla Purchasing.Vendor de la base de datos AdventureWorks .
Importante
Siempre que sea posible, utilice la autenticación de Windows. Si la autenticación de Windows no está disponible, solicite a los usuarios que escriban sus credenciales en tiempo de ejecución. No guarde las credenciales en un archivo. Si tiene que conservar las credenciales, debería cifrarlas con la API de criptografía de Win32.
Para obtener el cursor FAST_FORWARD
Establezca una conexión con el origen de datos.
Establezca las propiedades del conjunto de filas DBPROP_SERVERCURSOR, DBPROP_OTHERINSERT, DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE, DBPROP_OWNINSERT y DBPROP_OWNUPDATEDELETE en VARIANT_TRUE.
Ejecute el comando.
Ejemplo
En el ejemplo siguiente se muestra cómo establecer las propiedades del conjunto de filas para obtener un cursor FAST_FORWARD. Una vez que se han establecido las propiedades, se ejecuta una instrucción SELECT para recuperar y mostrar la columna Name de la tabla Purchasing.Vendor de la base de datos AdventureWorks. Este ejemplo no es compatible con IA64.
Los ejemplos de código de Transact-SQL de este artículo utilizan la base de datos de ejemplo AdventureWorks2022 o AdventureWorksDW2022, que se puede descargar desde la página principal de Ejemplos y proyectos de la comunidad de Microsoft SQL Server.
Compile con ole32.lib oleaut32.lib y ejecute la siguiente lista de código C++. Esta aplicación se conecta a la instancia predeterminada de SQL Server del equipo. En algunos sistemas operativos Windows, deberá cambiar (localhost) o (local) al nombre de la instancia de SQL Server . Para conectarse a una instancia con nombre, cambie la cadena de conexión de L"(local)" a L"(local)\\name", donde "name" es la instancia con nombre. De forma predeterminada, SQL Server Express se instala en una instancia con nombre. Asegúrese de que en la variable de entorno INCLUDE se incluya el directorio que contiene msoledbsql.h.
// compile with: ole32.lib oleaut32.lib
#define INITGUID
#define DBINITCONSTANTS
#define OLEDBVER 0x0250 // to include correct interfaces
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <oledb.h>
#include <msoledbsql.h>
#include <oledberr.h>
IDBInitialize* pIDBInitialize = NULL;
ICommandText* pICommandText = NULL;
// Connect to the server and create a command object.
int InitializeAndConnect();
// Set the properties to get a FAST_FORWARD cursor.
int SetRowsetProperties();
// This function executes a command and displays the results.
int ExecuteAndDisplay();
// Release memory.
void Cleanup();
int main() {
if (InitializeAndConnect() == -1) {
// Handle error.
printf("Failed to initialize and connect to the server.\n");
return -1;
}
// Set the row properties to FAST_FORWARD cursor.
if (SetRowsetProperties() == -1) {
// Handle error.
printf("Failed to set the rowset properties.\n");
return -1;
}
// Execute a command and display the results.
if (ExecuteAndDisplay() == -1) {
// Handle error.
printf("Failed to execute a command and display the results.\n");
return -1;
}
Cleanup();
}
int InitializeAndConnect() {
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
IDBProperties* pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession* pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand* pIDBCreateCommand = NULL;
DBPROPSET dbPropSet;
DBPROP dbProp[4];
int iRetVal = 0;
// Initialize OLE
if ( FAILED( hr = OleInitialize( NULL ) ) ) {
// Handle errors here.
return -1;
}
// Create an instance of Microsoft OLE DB Driver for SQL Server.
if ( FAILED( hr =
CoCreateInstance(CLSID_MSOLEDBSQL, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IDBProperties, (void **) &pIDBProperties ))) {
// Handle errors here.
return -1;
}
// Set up the connection properties.
dbProp[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbProp[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[0].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[0].vValue)) = VT_BSTR;
V_BSTR(&(dbProp[0].vValue)) = SysAllocString( L"(local)" );
dbProp[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_INTEGRATED;
dbProp[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[1].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[1].vValue)) = VT_BSTR;
V_BSTR(&(dbProp[1].vValue)) = SysAllocString( L"SSPI" );
dbProp[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_NULLCOLLATION;
dbProp[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[2].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[2].vValue)) = VT_BSTR;
V_BSTR(&(dbProp[2].vValue)) = SysAllocString( L"" );
dbProp[3].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;
dbProp[3].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[3].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[3].vValue)) = VT_BSTR;
V_BSTR(&(dbProp[3].vValue)) = SysAllocString( L"AdventureWorks" );
dbPropSet.rgProperties = dbProp;
dbPropSet.cProperties = 4;
dbPropSet.guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
if ( FAILED( hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties( 1, &dbPropSet ))) {
// Handle errors here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
SysFreeString( V_BSTR(&(dbProp[0].vValue)) );
SysFreeString( V_BSTR(&(dbProp[1].vValue)) );
SysFreeString( V_BSTR(&(dbProp[2].vValue)) );
SysFreeString( V_BSTR(&(dbProp[3].vValue)) );
// Get an IDBInitialize interface.
if ( FAILED( hr =
pIDBProperties->QueryInterface( IID_IDBInitialize, (void **) &pIDBInitialize ))) {
// Handle errors here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Call Initialize.
if ( FAILED( hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize())) {
// Handle errors here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Get a IDBCreateSession interface.
if ( FAILED( hr =
pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface( IID_IDBCreateSession, (void **) &pIDBCreateSession ))) {
// Handle errors here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Create a session
if ( FAILED( hr =
pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession( NULL, IID_IDBCreateCommand, (IUnknown **) &pIDBCreateCommand))) {
// Handle errors here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Create a command.
if ( FAILED( hr =
pIDBCreateCommand->CreateCommand( NULL, IID_ICommandText, (IUnknown **) &pICommandText))) {
// Handle errors here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
CLEANUP:
// Release all the objects not needed anymore.
pIDBProperties->Release();
if ( pIDBCreateSession )
pIDBCreateSession->Release();
if ( pIDBCreateCommand )
pIDBCreateCommand->Release();
return iRetVal;
}
int SetRowsetProperties() {
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
ICommandProperties* pICommandProperties = NULL;
DBPROPSET dbPropSet;
DBPROP dbProp[5];
int iRetVal = 0;
// Get an ICommandProperties object.
if ( FAILED( hr =
pICommandText->QueryInterface( IID_ICommandProperties, (void **) &pICommandProperties ))) {
// Handle errors here.
return -1;
}
// Set up the properties to get a FAST_FORWARD cursor.
dbProp[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_SERVERCURSOR;
dbProp[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[0].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[0].vValue)) = VT_BOOL;
V_BOOL(&(dbProp[0].vValue)) = VARIANT_TRUE;
dbProp[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_OTHERINSERT;
dbProp[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[1].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[1].vValue)) = VT_BOOL;
V_BOOL(&(dbProp[1].vValue)) = VARIANT_TRUE;
dbProp[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE;
dbProp[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[2].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[2].vValue)) = VT_BOOL;
V_BOOL(&(dbProp[2].vValue)) = VARIANT_TRUE;
dbProp[3].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_OWNINSERT;
dbProp[3].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[3].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[3].vValue)) = VT_BOOL;
V_BOOL(&(dbProp[3].vValue)) = VARIANT_TRUE;
dbProp[4].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_OWNUPDATEDELETE;
dbProp[4].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbProp[4].colid = DB_NULLID;
V_VT(&(dbProp[4].vValue)) = VT_BOOL;
V_BOOL(&(dbProp[4].vValue)) = VARIANT_TRUE;
dbPropSet.rgProperties = dbProp;
dbPropSet.cProperties = 5;
dbPropSet.guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_ROWSET;
if ( FAILED( hr = pICommandProperties->SetProperties( 1, &dbPropSet))) {
// Handle errors here.
iRetVal = -1;
}
// Release the ICommandProperties object.
pICommandProperties->Release();
return iRetVal;
}
int ExecuteAndDisplay() {
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
IRowset* pIRowset = NULL;
IAccessor* pIAccessor = NULL;
BYTE* pData = NULL;
DBCOUNTITEM cRowsObtained = 0;
ULONG cCount = 0;
HROW* pRows = new HROW[10];
HACCESSOR hAccessor = 0;
DBBINDING Bind[1];
int iRetVal = 0;
if (!pRows)
return -1;
// Set the command text.
if ( FAILED( hr = pICommandText->SetCommandText( DBGUID_SQL, L"select Name from Purchasing.Vendor")))
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
return -1;
// Execute the command.
if ( FAILED( hr = pICommandText->Execute( NULL, IID_IRowset, NULL, NULL, (IUnknown **) &pIRowset )))
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
return -1;
// Set up the binding structure for Name (nvarchar(50)).
Bind[0].dwPart = DBPART_VALUE;
Bind[0].eParamIO = DBPARAMIO_NOTPARAM;
Bind[0].iOrdinal = 1;
Bind[0].pTypeInfo = NULL;
Bind[0].pObject = NULL;
Bind[0].pBindExt = NULL;
Bind[0].dwFlags = 0;
Bind[0].dwMemOwner = DBMEMOWNER_CLIENTOWNED;
Bind[0].obLength = 0;
Bind[0].obStatus = 0;
Bind[0].obValue = 0;
Bind[0].cbMaxLen = 102;
Bind[0].wType = DBTYPE_WSTR;
Bind[0].bPrecision = 0;
Bind[0].bScale = 0;
// Get an IAccessor interface.
if ( FAILED( hr = pIRowset->QueryInterface( IID_IAccessor, (void **) &pIAccessor))) {
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Create an accessor.
if ( FAILED( hr =
pIAccessor->CreateAccessor( DBACCESSOR_ROWDATA, 1, Bind, 0, &hAccessor, NULL))) {
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Allocate memory for the data.
pData = new BYTE[102];
if (!(pData /* = new BYTE[102] */ )) {
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Loop through all of the rows.
for ( ; ; ) {
if (FAILED( hr = pIRowset->GetNextRows( NULL, 0, 10, &cRowsObtained, &pRows))) {
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Make sure some rows were obtained.
if (cRowsObtained == 0)
break;
// Get the data for the each of the rows.
for ( cCount = 0 ; cCount < cRowsObtained ; cCount++ ) {
// Get the row data needed.
if ( FAILED( hr = pIRowset->GetData( pRows[cCount], hAccessor, pData ))) {
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
// Display row data.
printf( "%S\n", pData);
}
// Release the rows.
if ( FAILED( hr = pIRowset->ReleaseRows(cRowsObtained, pRows, NULL, NULL, NULL ))) {
// Handle errors and free the memory here.
iRetVal = -1;
goto CLEANUP;
}
}
CLEANUP:
// Release memory allocated for the data.
delete [] pRows;
delete [] pData;
// Release the HACCESSOR.
if (pIAccessor) {
pIAccessor->ReleaseAccessor( hAccessor, NULL );
// Release the IAccessor object.
pIAccessor->Release();
}
// Release the rowset.
pIRowset->Release();
return iRetVal;
}
void Cleanup() {
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
// Release the ICommandText object.
pICommandText->Release();
// Uninitialize the IDBInitialize object.
if ( FAILED( hr = pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize())) {
// Handle errors here.
}
// Release the IDBInitialize object.
pIDBInitialize->Release();
// Uninitialize OLE.
OleUninitialize();
}