Array.Sort<TKey, TValue> Method (array<TKey[], array<TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>)

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Sorts a range of elements in a pair of Array objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first Array using the specified IComparer<T> generic interface.

Namespace:  System
Assembly:  mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Syntax

'Declaration
<SecuritySafeCriticalAttribute> _
Public Shared Sub Sort(Of TKey, TValue) ( _
    keys As TKey(), _
    items As TValue(), _
    index As Integer, _
    length As Integer, _
    comparer As IComparer(Of TKey) _
)

[SecuritySafeCriticalAttribute]
public static void Sort<TKey, TValue>(
    TKey[] keys,
    TValue[] items,
    int index,
    int length,
    IComparer<TKey> comparer
)

Type Parameters

• TKey
  The type of the elements of the key array.

• TValue
  The type of the elements of the items array.

Parameters

• keys
  Type: array<TKey[]
  The one-dimensional, zero-based Array that contains the keys to sort.

• items
  Type: array<TValue[]
  The one-dimensional, zero-based Array that contains the items that correspond to the keys in keys, or nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) to sort only keys.

• index
  Type: System.Int32
  The starting index of the range to sort.

• length
  Type: System.Int32
  The number of elements in the range to sort.

• comparer
  Type: System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<TKey>
  The IComparer<T> generic interface implementation to use when comparing elements, or nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) to use the IComparable<T> generic interface implementation of each element.

Exceptions

Exception	Condition
ArgumentNullException	keys is nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
ArgumentOutOfRangeException	index is less than the lower bound of keys. -or- length is less than zero.
ArgumentException	items is not nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), and the lower bound of keys does not match the lower bound of items. -or- items is not nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), and the length of keys is greater than the length of items. -or- index and length do not specify a valid range in the keysArray. -or- items is not nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), and index and length do not specify a valid range in the itemsArray. -or- The implementation of comparer caused an error during the sort. For example, comparer might not return 0 when comparing an item with itself.
InvalidOperationException	comparer is nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), and one or more elements in the keysArray do not implement the IComparable<T> generic interface.

Remarks

Each key in the keysArray has a corresponding item in the itemsArray. When a key is repositioned during the sorting, the corresponding item in the itemsArray is similarly repositioned. Therefore, the itemsArray is sorted according to the arrangement of the corresponding keys in the keysArray.

If comparer is nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), each key within the specified range of elements in the keysArray must implement the IComparable<T> generic interface to be capable of comparisons with every other key.

You can sort if there are more items than keys, but the items that have no corresponding keys will not be sorted. You cannot sort if there are more keys than items; doing this throws an ArgumentException.

If the sort is not successfully completed, the results are undefined.

This method uses the QuickSort algorithm. This implementation performs an unstable sort; that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal.

On average, this method is an O(n log n) operation, where n is length; in the worst case it is an O(n ^ 2) operation.

Examples

The following code example demonstrates the Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[]), Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[], IComparer<TKey>), Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[], Int32, Int32), and Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) generic method overloads, for sorting pairs of arrays that represent keys and values.

The code example defines an alternative comparer for strings, named ReverseCompare, which implements the IComparer<string> (IComparer(Of String) in Visual Basic, IComparer<String^> in Visual C++) generic interface. The comparer calls the CompareTo(String) method, reversing the order of the comparands so that the strings sort high-to-low instead of low-to-high.

The code example creates and displays an array of dinosaur names (the keys) and an array of integers representing the maximum length of each dinosaur in meters (the values). The arrays are then sorted and displayed several times:

• The Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[]) overload is used to sort both arrays in order of the dinosaur names in the first array.

• The Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[], IComparer<TKey>) overload and an instance of ReverseCompare are used to reverse the sort order of the paired arrays.

• The Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[], Int32, Int32) overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays.

• The Sort<TKey, TValue>(array<TKey[], array<TValue[], Int32, Int32, IComparer<TKey>) overload is used to sort the last three elements of both arrays in reverse order.

Note:
The calls to the generic methods do not look any different from calls to their nongeneric counterparts, because Visual Basic, C#, and C++ infer the type of the generic type parameter from the type of the first two arguments.

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class ReverseComparer
   Implements IComparer(Of String)

   Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, _
       ByVal y As String) As Integer _
       Implements IComparer(Of String).Compare

      ' Compare y and x in reverse order.
      Return y.CompareTo(x)

   End Function
End Class

Public Class Example

   Public Shared Sub Demo(ByVal outputBlock As System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock)

      Dim dinosaurs() As String = { _
          "Seismosaurus", _
          "Chasmosaurus", _
          "Coelophysis", _
          "Mamenchisaurus", _
          "Caudipteryx", _
          "Cetiosaurus"}

      Dim dinosaurSizes() As Integer = {40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18}

      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf
      For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
             dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i)) & vbCrLf
      Next

      outputBlock.Text &= String.Format(vbLf & _
          "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)") & vbCrLf
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf
      For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
             dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i)) & vbCrLf
      Next

      Dim rc As New ReverseComparer()

      outputBlock.Text &= String.Format(vbLf & _
          "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)") & vbCrLf
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf
      For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
             dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i)) & vbCrLf
      Next

      outputBlock.Text &= String.Format(vbLf & _
          "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)") & vbCrLf
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf
      For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
             dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i)) & vbCrLf
      Next

      outputBlock.Text &= String.Format(vbLf & _
          "Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)") & vbCrLf
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf
      For i As Integer = 0 To dinosaurs.Length - 1
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.", _
             dinosaurs(i), dinosaurSizes(i)) & vbCrLf
      Next

   End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)
'
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'
'Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)
'
'Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
'Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
'Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
'Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
'Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
'Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ReverseComparer : IComparer<string>
{
   public int Compare(string x, string y)
   {
      // Compare y and x in reverse order.
      return y.CompareTo(x);
   }
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Demo(System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock outputBlock)
   {
      string[] dinosaurs = {
            "Seismosaurus", 
            "Chasmosaurus", 
            "Coelophysis", 
            "Mamenchisaurus", 
            "Caudipteryx", 
            "Cetiosaurus"  };

      int[] dinosaurSizes = { 40, 5, 3, 22, 1, 18 };

      outputBlock.Text += "\n";
      for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
      {
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
             dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]) + "\n";
      }

      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)") + "\n";
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes);

      outputBlock.Text += "\n";
      for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
      {
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
             dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]) + "\n";
      }

      ReverseComparer rc = new ReverseComparer();

      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)") + "\n";
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc);

      outputBlock.Text += "\n";
      for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
      {
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
             dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]) + "\n";
      }

      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)") + "\n";
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3);

      outputBlock.Text += "\n";
      for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
      {
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
             dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]) + "\n";
      }

      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("\nSort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)") + "\n";
      Array.Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc);

      outputBlock.Text += "\n";
      for (int i = 0; i < dinosaurs.Length; i++)
      {
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format("{0}: up to {1} meters long.",
             dinosaurs[i], dinosaurSizes[i]) + "\n";
      }
   }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes)

Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.

Sort(dinosaurs, dinosaurSizes, 3, 3, rc)

Seismosaurus: up to 40 meters long.
Mamenchisaurus: up to 22 meters long.
Coelophysis: up to 3 meters long.
Chasmosaurus: up to 5 meters long.
Cetiosaurus: up to 18 meters long.
Caudipteryx: up to 1 meters long.
 */

Version Information

Silverlight

Supported in: 5, 4, 3

Silverlight for Windows Phone

Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0

XNA Framework

Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0

Platforms

For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.

See Also

Reference

Array Class

Sort Overload

System Namespace

IComparer<T>

IComparable<T>

BinarySearch