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Develop and Deploy WCF Data Services

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Important

WCF Data Services has been deprecated and will no longer be available for download from the Microsoft Download Center. WCF Data Services supported earlier versions of the Microsoft OData (V1-V3) protocol only and has not been under active development. OData V1-V3 has been superseded by OData V4, which is an industry standard published by OASIS and ratified by ISO. OData V4 is supported through the OData V4 compliant core libraries available at Microsoft.OData.Core. Support documentation is available at OData.Net, and the OData V4 service libraries are available at Microsoft.AspNetCore.OData.

RESTier is the successor to WCF Data Services. RESTier helps you bootstrap a standardized, queryable, HTTP-based REST interface in minutes. Like WCF Data Services before it, Restier provides simple and straightforward ways to shape queries and intercept submissions before and after they hit the database. And like Web API + OData, you still have the flexibility to add your own custom queries and actions with techniques you're already familiar with.

This article provides information about developing and deploying WCF Data Services. For more basic information about WCF Data Services, see Getting Started and Overview.

Develop WCF Data Services

When you use WCF Data Services to create a data service that supports the Open Data Protocol (OData), you must perform the following basic tasks during development:

  1. Define the data model

    WCF Data Services supports a variety of data service providers that enable you to define a data model based on data from a variety of data sources, from relational databases to late-bound data types. For more information, see Data Services Providers.

  2. Create the data service

    The most basic data service exposes a class that inherits from the DataService<T> class, with a type T that is the namespace-qualified name of the entity container. For more information, see Defining WCF Data Services.

  3. Configure the data service

    By default, WCF Data Services disables access to resources that are exposed by an entity container. The DataServiceConfiguration interface enables you to configure access to resources and service operations, specify the supported version of OData, and to define other service-wide behaviors, such as batching behaviors or the maximum number of entities that can be returned in a single response feed. For more information, see Configuring the Data Service.

This article primarily covers the development and deployment of data services by using Visual Studio. For information about the flexibility provided by WCF Data Services for exposing your data as OData feeds, see Defining WCF Data Services.

Choose a Development Web Server

When you develop a WCF Data Service as an ASP.NET application or ASP.NET Web site by using Visual Studio 2015, you have a choice of Web servers on which to run the data service during development. The following Web servers integrate with Visual Studio to make it easier to test and debug your data services on the local computer.

  1. Local IIS Server

    When you create a data service that is an ASP.NET application or ASP.NET Web site that runs on Internet Information Services (IIS), we recommend that you develop and test your data service by using IIS on the local computer. Running the data service on IIS makes it easier to trace HTTP requests during debugging. This also enables you to predetermine the necessary rights required by IIS to access files, databases, and other resources required by the data service. To run your data service on IIS, make sure that both IIS and Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) are installed and configured correctly and grant access to IIS accounts in the file system and databases. For more information, see How to: Develop a WCF Data Service Running on IIS.

    Note

    You must run Visual Studio with administrator rights to enable the develop environment to configure the local IIS server.

  2. Visual Studio Development Server

    Visual Studio includes a built-in Web server, the Visual Studio Development Server, which is the default Web server for ASP.NET projects. This Web server is designed to run ASP.NET projects on the local computer during development. The WCF Data Services quickstart shows how to create a data service that runs in the Visual Studio Development Server.

    Be aware of the following limitations when you use the Visual Studio Development Server to develop the data service:

    • This server can only be accessed on the local computer.

    • This server listens on localhost and on a specific port, not on port 80, which is the default port for HTTP messages. For more information, see Web Servers in Visual Studio for ASP.NET Web Projects.

    • This server runs the data service in the context of your current user account. For example, if you are running as an administrator-level user, a data service running in the Visual Studio Development Server will have administrator-level privileges. This can cause the data service to be able to access resources that it does not have the rights to access when deployed to an IIS server.

    • This server does not include the extra facilities of IIS, such as authentication.

    • This server cannot handle chunked HTTP streams, which are sent by default by the WCF Data Services client when accessing large binary data from the data service. For more information, see Streaming Provider.

    • This server has issues with processing the period (.) character in a URL, even though this character is supported by WCF Data Services in key values.

    Tip

    Even though you can use the Visual Studio Development Server to test your data services during development, you should test them again after deploying to a Web server that is running IIS.

  3. Azure Development Environment

    Azure Tools for Visual Studio includes an integrated set of tools for developing Azure services in Visual Studio. With these tools, you can develop a data service that can be deployed to Azure, and you can test the data service on the local computer before deployment. Use these tools when using Visual Studio to develop a data service that runs on the Azure platform. For information about installing the tools, see Azure tools for Visual Studio 2015. For more information about developing a data service that runs on Azure, see the post Deploying an OData Service in Azure.

Development Tips

Consider the following when you develop a data service:

  • If you plan to authenticate users or restrict access for specific users, determine the security requirements of your data service. For more information, see Securing WCF Data Services.

  • An HTTP inspection program can be helpful when debugging a data service by enabling you to inspect the contents of request and response messages. Any network packet analyzer that can display raw packets can be used to inspect HTTP requests to and responses from the data service.

  • When debugging a data service, you may want to get more information about an error from the data service than during regular operation. You can get additional error information from the data service by setting the UseVerboseErrors property in the DataServiceConfiguration to true and by setting the IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults property of the ServiceDebugBehavior attribute on the data service class to true. For more information, see the post Debugging WCF Data Services. You can also enable tracing in WCF to view exceptions raised in the HTTP messaging layer. For more information, see Configuring Tracing.

  • A data service is usually developed as an ASP.NET application project, but you can also create you data service as an ASP.NET Web site project in Visual Studio. For information about the differences between the two types of projects, see Web Application Projects versus Web Site Projects in Visual Studio.

  • When you create a data service by using the Add New Item dialog box in Visual Studio, the data service is hosted by ASP.NET in IIS. While ASP.NET and IIS is the default host for a data service, other hosting options are supported. For more information, see Hosting the Data Service.

Deploy WCF Data Services

WCF Data Service provides flexibility in choosing the process that hosts the data service. You can use Visual Studio to deploy a data service to the following platforms:

Deployment Considerations

Consider the following when deploying a data service:

  • When you deploy a data service that uses the Entity Framework provider to access a SQL Server database, you might also have to propagate data structures, data, or both with your data service deployment. Visual Studio can automatically create scripts (.sql files) to do this in the destination database, and these scripts can be included in the Web deployment package of an ASP.NET application. For more information, see How to: Deploy a Database With a Web Application Project. For an ASP.NET Web site, you can do this by using the Database Publishing Wizard in Visual Studio. For more information, see Publishing a SQL Database.

  • Because WCF Data Services includes a basic WCF implementation, you can use Windows Server AppFabric to monitor a data service deployed to IIS running on Windows Server. For more information about using Windows Server AppFabric to monitor a data service, see the post Tracking WCF Data Services with Windows Server AppFabric.

See also