Providing Windowless Activation
The latest version of this topic can be found at Providing Windowless Activation.
Window creation code (that is, everything that happens when you call CreateWindow) is costly to execute. A control that maintains an on-screen window has to manage messages for the window. Windowless controls are therefore faster than controls with windows.
A further advantage of windowless controls is that, unlike windowed controls, windowless controls support transparent painting and nonrectangular screen regions. A common example of a transparent control is a text control with a transparent background. The controls paints the text but not the background, so whatever is under the text shows through. Newer forms often make use of nonrectangular controls, such as arrows and round buttons.
Often, a control does not need a window of its own and, instead, can use the window services of its container, provided that the container has been written to support windowless objects. Windowless controls are backward compatible with older containers. In older containers not written to support windowless controls, the windowless controls create a window when active.
Because windowless controls do not have their own windows, the container (which does have a window) is responsible for providing services that would otherwise have been provided by the control's own window. For example, if your control needs to query the keyboard focus, capture the mouse, or obtain a device context, these operations are managed by the container. The container routes user input messages sent to its window to the appropriate windowless control, using the IOleInPlaceObjectWindowless interface. (See the ActiveX SDK for a description of this interface.) COleControl member functions invoke these services from the container.
To make your control use windowless activation, include the windowlessActivate flag in the set of flags returned by COleControl::GetControlFlags. For example:
DWORD CMyAxOptCtrl::GetControlFlags()
{
DWORD dwFlags = COleControl::GetControlFlags();
// The control can activate without creating a window.
dwFlags |= windowlessActivate;
return dwFlags;
}
The code to include this flag is automatically generated if you select the Windowless activation option on the Control Settings page of the MFC ActiveX Control Wizard.
When windowless activation is enabled, the container will delegate input messages to the control's IOleInPlaceObjectWindowless interface. COleControl's implementation of this interface dispatches the messages through your control's message map, after adjusting the mouse coordinates appropriately. You can process the messages like ordinary window messages, by adding the corresponding entries to the message map. In your handlers for these messages, avoid using the m_hWnd member variable (or any member function that uses it) without first checking that its value is not NULL.
COleControl provides member functions that invoke mouse capture, keyboard focus, scrolling, and other window services from the container as appropriate, including:
GetFocus, SetFocus
GetCapture, SetCapture, ReleaseCapture
GetDC, ReleaseDC
InvalidateRgn
ScrollWindow
GetClientRect
In windowless controls, you should always use the COleControl member functions instead of the corresponding CWnd member functions or their related Win32 API functions.
You may want a windowless control to be the target of an OLE drag-and-drop operation. Normally, this would require that the control's window be registered as a drop target. Since the control has no window of its own, the container uses its own window as a drop target. The control provides an implementation of the IDropTarget interface to which the container can delegate calls at the appropriate time. To expose this interface to the container, override COleControl::GetWindowlessDropTarget. For example:
IDropTarget* CMyAxOptCtrl::GetWindowlessDropTarget()
{
m_DropTarget.m_xDropTarget.AddRef();
return &m_DropTarget.m_xDropTarget;
}