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We're running a WPF application that renders 3d graphics into a viewport, but sometimes we get an OutOfMemoryException with the following stack trace:
2025-02-19 03:39:07,028+11:00 FATAL An unhandled exception was caught
System.OutOfMemoryException: Insufficient memory to continue the execution of the program.
at System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel.BeginCommand(Byte* pbCommandData, Int32 cbSize, Int32 cbExtra)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.MeshGeometry3D.UpdateResource(Channel channel, Boolean skipOnChannelCheck)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.MeshGeometry3D.AddRefOnChannelCore(Channel channel)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.Geometry3D.System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.IResource.AddRefOnChannel(Channel channel)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.GeometryModel3D.AddRefOnChannelCore(Channel channel)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.Model3D.System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.IResource.AddRefOnChannel(Channel channel)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.Visual3D.RenderContent(RenderContext ctx, Boolean isOnChannel)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.Visual3D.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Media3D.Viewport3DVisual.RenderContent(RenderContext ctx, Boolean isOnChannel)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateChildren(RenderContext ctx, ResourceHandle handle)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(RenderContext ctx)
at System.Windows.Media.Visual.Render(RenderContext ctx, UInt32 childIndex)
at System.Windows.Media.CompositionTarget.Compile(Channel channel)
at System.Windows.Media.CompositionTarget.System.Windows.Media.ICompositionTarget.Render(Boolean inResize, Channel channel)
at System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.Render(ICompositionTarget resizedCompositionTarget)
at System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.RenderMessageHandlerCore(Object resizedCompositionTarget)
at System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.RenderMessageHandler(Object resizedCompositionTarget)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
I've been able to search enough info to find that DUCE is related to the interface between DirectX and WPF, but I haven't been able to find much information on DUCE.Channel related exceptions that stem from BeginCommand, most of the ones I've been able to find come from SyncFlush.
Additional notes:
UCEERR_RENDERTHREADFAILURE but that didn't happen in this instance.I've also been looking at https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/developer/dotnet/framework/general/wpf-render-thread-failures, and I've found a comment: "By design, the exceptions and call stacks on the UI thread aren't helpful to diagnose the problem. This is because by the time the exception is thrown, the render thread has already passed the point of failure."
Is this callstack useful in anyway to determine what the actual root cause is? Or do I need to just continue to debug the issue from the application?
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Hi, @Naim Kingston. Welcome to Microsoft Q&A.
The call stack could certainly help determine why a problem occurred, but you shouldn't just be debugging the problem from your application. You should analyze memory usage more holistically, not just the current application.
Visual Studio 2022 has a built-in memory analysis tool that could help you analyze the memory usage of your application. Related links.
You could also check your memory usage by referring to the methods provided in the documentation.
I haven't run the performance profiler over it yet, but the VS Diagnostic Tools tab shows ~1.2Gb being taken up, but there are other instances where it goes to 1.2-1.3Gb without the OutOfMemoryException. And we've definitely had different use-cases which have pushed the memory usage to 2+Gb without this exception.
I'm assuming it's graphics related and not just about raw heap usage.
Hi, @Naim Kingston.
"Out of memory" does not really mean that the amount of available memory is too small. The most common reason is that within the current address space, there is no contiguous portion of memory that is large enough to serve the wanted allocation. If you have 100 blocks, each 4 MB large, that is not going to help you when you need one 5 MB block.
Perhaps you should use memory analysis tools to investigate the memory usage of each process in detail, rather than just looking at the total memory usage. In addition, if your project also depends on some third-party products, you should also understand the memory usage of the third-party products.
Do the multiple UpdateChildren reflect the complex hierarchy of the window?
ignore, I accidentally did this as an answer instead of a comment.
I have re-added my reply as a comment