Receiving Event Notification
The following example shows how to use the NotifyChangeEventLog function to receive notification when an event is logged. This example filters for the events written by the example in Reporting an Event.
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")
#define PROVIDER_NAME L"MyEventProvider"
#define RESOURCE_DLL L"<path>\\Provider.dll"
#define KEYBOARD_EVENT 0
#define NOTIFICATION_EVENT 1
HANDLE GetMessageResources();
DWORD SeekToLastRecord(HANDLE hEventLog);
DWORD GetLastRecordNumber(HANDLE hEventLog, DWORD* pdwMarker);
DWORD ReadRecord(HANDLE hEventLog, PBYTE & pBuffer, DWORD dwRecordNumber, DWORD dwFlags);
DWORD DumpNewRecords(HANDLE hEventLog);
DWORD GetEventTypeName(DWORD EventType);
LPWSTR GetMessageString(DWORD Id, DWORD argc, LPWSTR args);
DWORD ApplyParameterStringsToMessage(CONST LPCWSTR pMessage, LPWSTR & pFinalMessage);
BOOL IsKeyEvent(HANDLE hStdIn);
CONST LPWSTR pEventTypeNames[] = {L"Error", L"Warning", L"Informational", L"Audit Success", L"Audit Failure"};
HANDLE g_hResources = NULL;
void wmain(void)
{
HANDLE hEventLog = NULL;
HANDLE aWaitHandles[2];
DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
DWORD dwWaitReason = 0;
DWORD dwLastRecordNumber = 0;
// Get the DLL that contains the message table string resources for the provider.
g_hResources = GetMessageResources();
if (NULL == g_hResources)
{
wprintf(L"GetMessageResources failed.\n");
goto cleanup;
}
// Get a handle for console input, so you can break out of the loop.
aWaitHandles[KEYBOARD_EVENT] = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == aWaitHandles[0])
{
wprintf(L"GetStdHandle failed with %lu.\n", GetLastError());
goto cleanup;
}
// Get a handle to a manual reset event object that will be signal
// when events are written to the log.
aWaitHandles[NOTIFICATION_EVENT] = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
if (NULL == aWaitHandles[1])
{
wprintf(L"CreateEvent failed with %lu.\n", GetLastError());
goto cleanup;
}
// Open the log file. The source name (provider) must exist as
// a subkey of Application.
hEventLog = OpenEventLog(NULL, PROVIDER_NAME);
if (NULL == hEventLog)
{
wprintf(L"OpenEventLog failed with 0x%x.\n", GetLastError());
goto cleanup;
}
// Seek to the last record in the event log and read it in order
// to position the cursor for reading any new records when the
// service notifies you that new records have been written to the
// log file.
status = SeekToLastRecord(hEventLog);
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
{
wprintf(L"SeekToLastRecord failed with %lu.\n", status);
goto cleanup;
}
// Request notification when events are written to the log.
if (!NotifyChangeEventLog(hEventLog, aWaitHandles[1]))
{
wprintf(L"NotifyChangeEventLog failed with %lu.\n", GetLastError());
goto cleanup;
}
wprintf(L"Waiting for notification of new events (press any key to quit)...\n\n");
// Loop until the user presses a key or there is an error.
while (true)
{
dwWaitReason = WaitForMultipleObjects(sizeof(aWaitHandles)/sizeof(HANDLE), aWaitHandles, FALSE, INFINITE);
if (KEYBOARD_EVENT == dwWaitReason - WAIT_OBJECT_0) // Console input
{
if (IsKeyEvent(aWaitHandles[0]))
break;
}
else if (NOTIFICATION_EVENT == dwWaitReason - WAIT_OBJECT_0) // Notification results
{
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != (status = DumpNewRecords(hEventLog)))
{
wprintf(L"DumpNewRecords failed.\n");
break;
}
wprintf(L"\nWaiting for notification of new events (press any key to quit)...\n");
ResetEvent(aWaitHandles[NOTIFICATION_EVENT]);
}
else
{
if (WAIT_FAILED == dwWaitReason)
{
wprintf(L"WaitForSingleObject failed with %lu\n", GetLastError());
}
break;
}
}
cleanup:
if (hEventLog)
CloseEventLog(hEventLog);
if (aWaitHandles[0])
CloseHandle(aWaitHandles[0]);
if (aWaitHandles[1])
CloseHandle(aWaitHandles[1]);
}
// Get the last record number in the log file and read it.
// This positions the cursor, so that we can begin reading
// new records when the service notifies us that new records were
// written to the log file.
DWORD SeekToLastRecord(HANDLE hEventLog)
{
DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
DWORD dwLastRecordNumber = 0;
PBYTE pRecord = NULL;
status = GetLastRecordNumber(hEventLog, &dwLastRecordNumber);
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
{
wprintf(L"GetLastRecordNumber failed.\n");
goto cleanup;
}
status = ReadRecord(hEventLog, pRecord, dwLastRecordNumber, EVENTLOG_SEEK_READ | EVENTLOG_FORWARDS_READ);
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
{
wprintf(L"ReadRecord failed seeking to record %lu.\n", dwLastRecordNumber);
goto cleanup;
}
cleanup:
if (pRecord)
free(pRecord);
return status;
}
// Get the record number to the last record in the log file.
DWORD GetLastRecordNumber(HANDLE hEventLog, DWORD* pdwRecordNumber)
{
DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
DWORD OldestRecordNumber = 0;
DWORD NumberOfRecords = 0;
if (!GetOldestEventLogRecord(hEventLog, &OldestRecordNumber))
{
wprintf(L"GetOldestEventLogRecord failed with %lu.\n", status = GetLastError());
goto cleanup;
}
if (!GetNumberOfEventLogRecords(hEventLog, &NumberOfRecords))
{
wprintf(L"GetOldestEventLogRecord failed with %lu.\n", status = GetLastError());
goto cleanup;
}
*pdwRecordNumber = OldestRecordNumber + NumberOfRecords - 1;
cleanup:
return status;
}
// Get the provider DLL that contains the string resources for the
// category strings, event message strings, and parameter insert strings.
// For this example, the path to the DLL is hardcoded but typically,
// you would read the CategoryMessageFile, EventMessageFile, and
// ParameterMessageFile registry values under the source's registry key located
// under \SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog\Application in
// the HKLM registry hive. In this example, all resources are included in
// the same resource-only DLL.
HANDLE GetMessageResources()
{
HANDLE hResources = NULL;
hResources = LoadLibraryEx(RESOURCE_DLL, NULL, LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_IMAGE_RESOURCE | LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_DATAFILE);
if (NULL == hResources)
{
wprintf(L"LoadLibrary failed with %lu.\n", GetLastError());
}
return hResources;
}
// Read a single record from the event log.
DWORD ReadRecord(HANDLE hEventLog, PBYTE & pBuffer, DWORD dwRecordNumber, DWORD dwFlags)
{
DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
DWORD dwBytesToRead = sizeof(EVENTLOGRECORD);
DWORD dwBytesRead = 0;
DWORD dwMinimumBytesToRead = 0;
PBYTE pTemp = NULL;
// The initial size of the buffer is not big enough to read a record, but ReadEventLog
// requires a valid pointer. The ReadEventLog function will fail and return the required
// buffer size; reallocate the buffer to the required size.
pBuffer= (PBYTE)malloc(sizeof(EVENTLOGRECORD));
// Get the required buffer size, reallocate the buffer and then read the event record.
if (!ReadEventLog(hEventLog, dwFlags, dwRecordNumber, pBuffer, dwBytesToRead, &dwBytesRead, &dwMinimumBytesToRead))
{
status = GetLastError();
if (ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER == status)
{
status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
pTemp = (PBYTE)realloc(pBuffer, dwMinimumBytesToRead);
if (NULL == pTemp)
{
wprintf(L"Failed to reallocate memory for the record buffer (%d bytes).\n", dwMinimumBytesToRead);
goto cleanup;
}
pBuffer = pTemp;
dwBytesToRead = dwMinimumBytesToRead;
if (!ReadEventLog(hEventLog, dwFlags, dwRecordNumber, pBuffer, dwBytesToRead, &dwBytesRead, &dwMinimumBytesToRead))
{
wprintf(L"Second ReadEventLog failed with %lu.\n", status = GetLastError());
goto cleanup;
}
}
else
{
if (ERROR_HANDLE_EOF != status)
{
wprintf(L"ReadEventLog failed with %lu.\n", status);
goto cleanup;
}
}
}
cleanup:
return status;
}
// Write the contents of each event record that was written to the log since
// the last notification. The service signals the event object every five seconds
// if an event has been written to the log.
DWORD DumpNewRecords(HANDLE hEventLog)
{
DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
DWORD dwLastRecordNumber = 0;
LPWSTR pMessage = NULL;
LPWSTR pFinalMessage = NULL;
PBYTE pRecord = NULL;
// Read the first record to prime the loop.
status = ReadRecord(hEventLog, pRecord, 0, EVENTLOG_SEQUENTIAL_READ | EVENTLOG_FORWARDS_READ);
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status && ERROR_HANDLE_EOF != status)
{
wprintf(L"ReadRecord (priming read) failed.\n");
goto cleanup;
}
// During the five second notification period, one or more records could
// have been written to the log. Read all the records that have been
// written since the last notification.
while (ERROR_HANDLE_EOF != status)
{
// If the event was written by our provider, write the contents of the event.
if (0 == wcscmp(PROVIDER_NAME, (LPWSTR)(pRecord + sizeof(EVENTLOGRECORD))))
{
wprintf(L"record number: %lu\n", ((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->RecordNumber);
wprintf(L"status code: %d\n", ((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->EventID & 0xFFFF);
wprintf(L"event type: %s\n", pEventTypeNames[GetEventTypeName(((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->EventType)]);
pMessage = GetMessageString(((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->EventCategory, 0, NULL);
if (pMessage)
{
wprintf(L"event category: %s", pMessage);
LocalFree(pMessage);
pMessage = NULL;
}
pMessage = GetMessageString(((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->EventID,
((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->NumStrings, (LPWSTR)(pRecord + ((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->StringOffset));
if (pMessage)
{
status = ApplyParameterStringsToMessage(pMessage, pFinalMessage);
wprintf(L"event message: %s", (pFinalMessage) ? pFinalMessage : pMessage);
LocalFree(pMessage);
pMessage = NULL;
if (pFinalMessage)
{
free(pFinalMessage);
pFinalMessage = NULL;
}
}
// To write the event data, you need to know the format of the data. In
// this example, we know that the event data is a null-terminated string.
if (((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->DataLength > 0)
{
wprintf(L"event data: %s\n", (LPWSTR)(pRecord + ((PEVENTLOGRECORD)pRecord)->DataOffset));
}
wprintf(L"\n");
}
// Read sequentially through the records.
status = ReadRecord(hEventLog, pRecord, 0, EVENTLOG_SEQUENTIAL_READ | EVENTLOG_FORWARDS_READ);
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status && ERROR_HANDLE_EOF != status)
{
wprintf(L"ReadRecord sequential failed.\n");
goto cleanup;
}
}
if (ERROR_HANDLE_EOF == status)
{
status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
}
cleanup:
if (pRecord)
free(pRecord);
return status;
}
// Get an index value to the pEventTypeNames array based on
// the event type value.
DWORD GetEventTypeName(DWORD EventType)
{
DWORD index = 0;
switch (EventType)
{
case EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE:
index = 0;
break;
case EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE:
index = 1;
break;
case EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE:
index = 2;
break;
case EVENTLOG_AUDIT_SUCCESS:
index = 3;
break;
case EVENTLOG_AUDIT_FAILURE:
index = 4;
break;
}
return index;
}
// Formats the specified message. If the message uses inserts, build
// the argument list to pass to FormatMessage.
LPWSTR GetMessageString(DWORD MessageId, DWORD argc, LPWSTR argv)
{
LPWSTR pMessage = NULL;
DWORD dwFormatFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER;
DWORD_PTR* pArgs = NULL;
LPWSTR pString = argv;
if (argc > 0)
{
pArgs = (DWORD_PTR*)malloc(sizeof(DWORD_PTR) * argc);
if (pArgs)
{
dwFormatFlags |= FORMAT_MESSAGE_ARGUMENT_ARRAY;
for (DWORD i = 0; i < argc; i++)
{
pArgs[i] = (DWORD_PTR)pString;
pString += wcslen(pString) + 1;
}
}
else
{
dwFormatFlags |= FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
wprintf(L"Failed to allocate memory for the insert string array.\n");
}
}
if (!FormatMessage(dwFormatFlags,
g_hResources,
MessageId,
0,
(LPWSTR)&pMessage,
0,
(va_list*)pArgs))
{
wprintf(L"Format message failed with %lu\n", GetLastError());
}
if (pArgs)
free(pArgs);
return pMessage;
}
// If the message string contains parameter insertion strings (for example, %%4096),
// you must perform the parameter substitution yourself. To get the parameter message
// string, call FormatMessage with the message identifier found in the parameter insertion
// string (for example, 4096 is the message identifier if the parameter insertion string
// is %%4096). You then substitute the parameter insertion string in the message
// string with the actual parameter message string.
//
// In this example, the message string for message ID 0x103 is "%1 %%4096 = %2 %%4097.".
// When you call FormatMessage to get the message string, FormatMessage returns
// "8 %4096 = 2 %4097.". You need to replace %4096 and %4097 with the message strings
// associated with message IDs 4096 and 4097, respectively.
DWORD ApplyParameterStringsToMessage(CONST LPCWSTR pMessage, LPWSTR & pFinalMessage)
{
DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
DWORD dwParameterCount = 0; // Number of insertion strings found in pMessage
size_t cbBuffer = 0; // Size of the buffer in bytes
size_t cchBuffer = 0; // Size of the buffer in characters
size_t cchParameters = 0; // Number of characters in all the parameter strings
size_t cch = 0;
DWORD i = 0;
LPWSTR* pStartingAddresses = NULL; // Array of pointers to the beginning of each parameter string in pMessage
LPWSTR* pEndingAddresses = NULL; // Array of pointers to the end of each parameter string in pMessage
DWORD* pParameterIDs = NULL; // Array of parameter identifiers found in pMessage
LPWSTR* pParameters = NULL; // Array of the actual parameter strings
LPWSTR pTempMessage = (LPWSTR)pMessage;
LPWSTR pTempFinalMessage = NULL;
// Determine the number of parameter insertion strings in pMessage.
while (pTempMessage = wcschr(pTempMessage, L'%'))
{
dwParameterCount++;
pTempMessage++;
}
// If there are no parameter insertion strings in pMessage, return.
if (0 == dwParameterCount)
{
pFinalMessage = NULL;
goto cleanup;
}
// Allocate an array of pointers that will contain the beginning address
// of each parameter insertion string.
cbBuffer = sizeof(LPWSTR) * dwParameterCount;
pStartingAddresses = (LPWSTR*)malloc(cbBuffer);
if (NULL == pStartingAddresses)
{
wprintf(L"Failed to allocate memory for pStartingAddresses.\n");
status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto cleanup;
}
RtlZeroMemory(pStartingAddresses, cbBuffer);
// Allocate an array of pointers that will contain the ending address (one
// character past the of the identifier) of the each parameter insertion string.
pEndingAddresses = (LPWSTR*)malloc(cbBuffer);
if (NULL == pEndingAddresses)
{
wprintf(L"Failed to allocate memory for pEndingAddresses.\n");
status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto cleanup;
}
RtlZeroMemory(pEndingAddresses, cbBuffer);
// Allocate an array of pointers that will contain pointers to the actual
// parameter strings.
pParameters = (LPWSTR*)malloc(cbBuffer);
if (NULL == pParameters)
{
wprintf(L"Failed to allocate memory for pEndingAddresses.\n");
status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto cleanup;
}
RtlZeroMemory(pParameters, cbBuffer);
// Allocate an array of DWORDs that will contain the message identifier
// for each parameter.
pParameterIDs = (DWORD*)malloc(cbBuffer);
if (NULL == pParameterIDs)
{
wprintf(L"Failed to allocate memory for pParameterIDs.\n");
status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto cleanup;
}
RtlZeroMemory(pParameterIDs, cbBuffer);
// Find each parameter in pMessage and get the pointer to the
// beginning of the insertion string, the end of the insertion string,
// and the message identifier of the parameter.
pTempMessage = (LPWSTR)pMessage;
while (pTempMessage = wcschr(pTempMessage, L'%'))
{
if (isdigit(*(pTempMessage+1)))
{
pStartingAddresses[i] = pTempMessage;
pTempMessage++;
pParameterIDs[i] = (DWORD)_wtoi(pTempMessage);
while (isdigit(*++pTempMessage))
;
pEndingAddresses[i] = pTempMessage;
i++;
}
}
// For each parameter, use the message identifier to get the
// actual parameter string.
for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwParameterCount; i++)
{
pParameters[i] = GetMessageString(pParameterIDs[i], 0, NULL);
if (NULL == pParameters[i])
{
wprintf(L"GetMessageString could not find parameter string for insert %lu.\n", i);
status = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
goto cleanup;
}
cchParameters += wcslen(pParameters[i]);
}
// Allocate enough memory for pFinalMessage based on the length of pMessage
// and the length of each parameter string. The pFinalMessage buffer will contain
// the completed parameter substitution.
pTempMessage = (LPWSTR)pMessage;
cbBuffer = (wcslen(pMessage) + cchParameters + 1) * sizeof(WCHAR);
pFinalMessage = (LPWSTR)malloc(cbBuffer);
if (NULL == pFinalMessage)
{
wprintf(L"Failed to allocate memory for pFinalMessage.\n");
status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto cleanup;
}
RtlZeroMemory(pFinalMessage, cbBuffer);
cchBuffer = cbBuffer / sizeof(WCHAR);
pTempFinalMessage = pFinalMessage;
// Build the final message string.
for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwParameterCount; i++)
{
// Append the segment from pMessage. In the first iteration, this is "8 " and in the
// second iteration, this is " = 2 ".
wcsncpy_s(pTempFinalMessage, cchBuffer, pTempMessage, cch = (pStartingAddresses[i] - pTempMessage));
pTempMessage = pEndingAddresses[i];
cchBuffer -= cch;
// Append the parameter string. In the first iteration, this is "quarts" and in the
// second iteration, this is "gallons"
pTempFinalMessage += cch;
wcscpy_s(pTempFinalMessage, cchBuffer, pParameters[i]);
cchBuffer -= cch = wcslen(pParameters[i]);
pTempFinalMessage += cch;
}
// Append the last segment from pMessage, which in this example is ".".
wcscpy_s(pTempFinalMessage, cchBuffer, pTempMessage);
cleanup:
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
pFinalMessage = (LPWSTR)pMessage;
if (pStartingAddresses)
free(pStartingAddresses);
if (pEndingAddresses)
free(pEndingAddresses);
if (pParameterIDs)
free(pParameterIDs);
for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwParameterCount; i++)
{
if (pParameters[i])
LocalFree(pParameters[i]);
}
return status;
}
// Determines whether the console input was a key event.
BOOL IsKeyEvent(HANDLE hStdIn)
{
INPUT_RECORD Record[128];
DWORD dwRecordsRead = 0;
BOOL fKeyPress = FALSE;
if (ReadConsoleInput(hStdIn, Record, 128, &dwRecordsRead))
{
for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwRecordsRead; i++)
{
if (KEY_EVENT == Record[i].EventType)
{
fKeyPress = TRUE;
break;
}
}
}
return fKeyPress;
}