GetAddrInfoExA function (ws2tcpip.h)
The GetAddrInfoEx function provides protocol-independent name resolution with additional parameters to qualify which namespace providers should handle the request.
Syntax
INT WSAAPI GetAddrInfoExA(
[in, optional] PCSTR pName,
[in, optional] PCSTR pServiceName,
[in] DWORD dwNameSpace,
[in, optional] LPGUID lpNspId,
[in, optional] const ADDRINFOEXA *hints,
[out] PADDRINFOEXA *ppResult,
[in, optional] timeval *timeout,
[in, optional] LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped,
[in, optional] LPLOOKUPSERVICE_COMPLETION_ROUTINE lpCompletionRoutine,
[out, optional] LPHANDLE lpNameHandle
);
Parameters
[in, optional] pName
A pointer to a NULL-terminated string containing a host (node) name or a numeric host address string. For the Internet protocol, the numeric host address string is a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex address.
[in, optional] pServiceName
A pointer to an optional NULL-terminated string that contains either a service name or port number represented as a string.
A service name is a string alias for a port number. For example, “http” is an alias for port 80 defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as the default port used by web servers for the HTTP protocol. Possible values for the pServiceName parameter when a port number is not specified are listed in the following file:
%WINDIR%\system32\drivers\etc\services
[in] dwNameSpace
An optional namespace identifier that determines which namespace providers are queried. Passing a specific namespace identifier will result in only namespace providers that support the specified namespace being queried. Specifying NS_ALL will result in all installed and active namespace providers being queried.
Options for the dwNameSpace parameter are listed in the Winsock2.h include file. Several namespace providers are added on Windows Vista and later. Other namespace providers can be installed, so the following possible values are only those commonly available. Many other values are possible.
[in, optional] lpNspId
A pointer to an optional GUID of a specific namespace provider to query in the case where multiple namespace providers are registered under a single namespace such as NS_DNS. Passing the GUID for specific namespace provider will result in only the specified namespace provider being queried. The WSAEnumNameSpaceProviders function can be called to retrieve the GUID for a namespace provider.
[in, optional] hints
A pointer to an addrinfoex structure that provides hints about the type of socket the caller supports.
The ai_addrlen, ai_canonname, ai_addr, and ai_next members of the addrinfoex structure pointed to by the pHints parameter must be zero or NULL. Otherwise the GetAddrInfoEx function will fail with WSANO_RECOVERY.
See the Remarks for more details.
[out] ppResult
A pointer to a linked list of one or more addrinfoex structures that contains response information about the host.
[in, optional] timeout
An optional parameter indicating the time, in milliseconds, to wait for a response from the namespace provider before aborting the call.
This parameter is only supported when the UNICODE or _UNICODE macro has been defined in the sources before calling the GetAddrInfoEx function. Otherwise, this parameter is currently reserved and must be set to NULL since a timeout option is not supported.
[in, optional] lpOverlapped
An optional pointer to an overlapped structure used for asynchronous operation.
This parameter is only supported when the UNICODE or _UNICODE macro has been defined in the sources before calling the GetAddrInfoEx function.
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, if no lpCompletionRoutine parameter is specified, the hEvent member of the OVERLAPPED structure must be set to a manual-reset event to be called upon completion of an asynchronous call. If a completion routine has been specified, the hEvent member must be NULL. When the event specified by hEvent has been set, the result of the operation can be retrieved by calling GetAddrInfoExOverlappedResult function.
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 whenever the UNICODE or _UNICODE macro is not defined, this parameter is currently reserved and must be set to NULL.
On Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier, this parameter is currently reserved and must be set to NULL since asynchronous operations are not supported.
[in, optional] lpCompletionRoutine
An optional pointer to a function to be invoked upon successful completion for asynchronous operations.
This parameter is only supported when the UNICODE or _UNICODE macro has been defined in the sources before calling the GetAddrInfoEx function.
If this parameter is specified, it must be a pointer to a function with the following signature:
typedef
void
(CALLBACK * LPLOOKUPSERVICE_COMPLETION_ROUTINE)(
__in DWORD dwError,
__in DWORD dwBytes,
__in LPWSAOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
);
When the asynchronous operation has completed, the completion routine will be invoked with lpOverlapped parameter set to the value of lpOverlapped parameter passed to GetAddrInfoEx. The Pointer member of the OVERLAPPED structure will be set to the value of the ppResult parameter of the original call. If the Pointer member points to a non-NULL pointer to the addrinfoex structure, it is the caller’s responsibility to call FreeAddrInfoEx to free the addrinfoex structure. The dwError parameter passed to the completion routine will be set to a Winsock error code. The dwBytes parameter is reserved for future use and must be ignored.
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 whenever the UNICODE or _UNICODE macro is not defined, this parameter is currently reserved and must be set to NULL.
On Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier, this parameter is currently reserved and must be set to NULL since asynchronous operations are not supported.
[out, optional] lpNameHandle
An optional pointer used only for asynchronous operations.
This parameter is only supported when the UNICODE or _UNICODE macro has been defined in the sources before calling the GetAddrInfoEx function.
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, if the GetAddrInfoEx function will complete asynchronously, the pointer returned in this field may be used with the GetAddrInfoExCancel function. The handle returned is valid when GetAddrInfoEx returns until the completion routine is called, the event is triggered, or GetAddrInfoExCancel function is called with this handle.
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 whenever the UNICODE or _UNICODE macro is not defined, this parameter is currently reserved and must be set to NULL.
On Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier, this parameter is currently reserved and must be set to NULL since asynchronous operations are not supported.
Return value
On success, GetAddrInfoEx returns NO_ERROR (0). Failure returns a nonzero Windows Sockets error code, as found in the Windows Sockets Error Codes.
Most nonzero error codes returned by the GetAddrInfoEx function map to the set of errors outlined by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) recommendations. The following table shows these error codes and their WSA equivalents. It is recommended that the WSA error codes be used, as they offer familiar and comprehensive error information for Winsock programmers.
| Error value | WSA equivalent | Description |
|---|---|---|
| EAI_AGAIN | WSATRY_AGAIN | A temporary failure in name resolution occurred. |
| EAI_BADFLAGS | WSAEINVAL | An invalid parameter was provided. This error is returned if any of the reserved parameters are not NULL. This error is also returned if an invalid value was provided for the ai_flags member of the pHints parameter. |
| EAI_FAIL | WSANO_RECOVERY | A nonrecoverable failure in name resolution occurred. |
| EAI_FAMILY | WSAEAFNOSUPPORT | The ai_family member of the pHints parameter is not supported. |
| EAI_MEMORY | WSA_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY | A memory allocation failure occurred. |
| EAI_NONAME | WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND | The name does not resolve for the supplied parameters or the pName and pServiceName parameters were not provided. |
| EAI_SERVICE | WSATYPE_NOT_FOUND | The pServiceName parameter is not supported for the specified ai_socktype member of the pHints parameter. |
| EAI_SOCKTYPE | WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT | The ai_socktype member of the pHints parameter is not supported. |
Use the gai_strerror function to print error messages based on the EAI codes returned by the GetAddrInfoEx function. The gai_strerror function is provided for compliance with IETF recommendations, but it is not thread safe. Therefore, use of traditional Windows Sockets functions such as WSAGetLastError is recommended.
| Error code | Meaning |
|---|---|
| There was insufficient memory to perform the operation. | |
| An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used. This error is returned if the ai_family member of the addrinfoex structure pointed to by the pHints parameter is not supported. | |
| An invalid argument was supplied. This error is returned if an invalid value was provided for the ai_flags member of the addrinfoex structure pointed to by the pHints parameter. This error is also returned when the dwNameSpace parameter is NS_PNRPNAME or NS_PNRPCLOUD and the peer-to-peer name service is not operating. | |
| The support for the specified socket type does not exist in this address family. This error is returned if the ai_socktype member of the addrinfoex structure pointed to by the pHints parameter is not supported. | |
| No such host is known. This error is returned if the name does not resolve for the supplied parameters or the pName and pServiceName parameters were not provided. | |
| The requested name is valid, but no data of the requested type was found. | |
| A nonrecoverable error occurred during a database lookup. This error is returned if nonrecoverable error in name resolution occurred. | |
| A successful WSAStartup call must occur before using this function. | |
| No such service is known. The service cannot be found in the specified name space. This error is returned if the pName or pServiceName parameter is not found for the namespace specified in the dwNameSpace parameter or the namespace specified in the dwNameSpace parameter is not installed. | |
| This is usually a temporary error during hostname resolution and means that the local server did not receive a response from an authoritative server. This error is returned when a temporary failure in name resolution occurred. | |
| The specified class was not found. The pServiceName parameter is not supported for the specified ai_socktype member of the addrinfoex structure pointed to by the pHints parameter. |
Remarks
The GetAddrInfoEx function provides protocol-independent translation from host name to address and from service name to port number. The GetAddrInfoEx function is an enhanced version of the getaddrinfo and GetAddrInfoW functions. The GetAddrInfoEx function allows specifying the namespace provider to resolve the query.
The GetAddrInfoEx function aggregates and returns results from multiple namespace providers, unless a specific namespace provider is specified. For use with the IPv6 and IPv4 protocol, name resolution can be by the Domain Name System (DNS), a local hosts file, an email provider (the NS_EMAIL namespace), or by other naming mechanisms.
When UNICODE or _UNICODE is defined, GetAddrInfoEx is defined to GetAddrInfoExW, the Unicode version of this function. The string parameters are defined to the PWSTR data type and the ADDRINFOEXW structure is used. On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, the timeout, lpOverlapped, lpCompletionRoutine, and lpNameHandle parameters may be used to call the GetAddrInfoEx function so that it can complete asynchronously.
When UNICODE or _UNICODE is not defined, GetAddrInfoEx is defined to GetAddrInfoExA, the ANSI version of this function. The string parameters are of the PCSTR data type and the ADDRINFOEXA structure is used. The timeout, lpOverlapped, lpCompletionRoutine, and lpNameHandle parameters must be set to NULL.
One or both of the pName or pServiceName parameters must point to a NULL-terminated string. Generally both are provided.
Upon success, a linked list of addrinfoex structures is returned in the ppResult parameter. The list can be processed by following the pointer provided in the ai_next member of each returned addrinfoex structure until a NULL pointer is encountered. In each returned addrinfoex structure, the ai_family, ai_socktype, and ai_protocol members correspond to respective arguments in a socket or WSASocket function call. Also, the ai_addr member in each returned addrinfoex structure points to a filled-in socket address structure, the length of which is specified in its ai_addrlen member.
If the pName parameter points to a computer name, all permanent addresses for the computer that can be used as a source address are returned. On Windows Vista and later, these addresses would include all unicast IP addresses returned by the GetUnicastIpAddressTable or GetUnicastIpAddressEntry functions in which the SkipAsSource member is set to false in the MIB_UNICASTIPADDRESS_ROW structure.
If the pName parameter points to a string equal to "localhost", all loopback addresses on the local computer are returned.
If the pName parameter contains an empty string, all registered addresses on the local computer are returned.
On Windows Server 2003 and later if the pName parameter points to a string equal to "..localmachine", all registered addresses on the local computer are returned.
If the pName parameter refers to a cluster virtual server name, only virtual server addresses are returned. On Windows Vista and later, these addresses would include all unicast IP addresses returned by the GetUnicastIpAddressTable or GetUnicastIpAddressEntry functions in which the SkipAsSource member is set to true in the MIB_UNICASTIPADDRESS_ROW structure. See Windows Clustering for more information about clustering.
Windows 7 with Service Pack 1 (SP1) and Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack 1 (SP1) add support to Netsh.exe for setting the SkipAsSource attribute on an IP address. This also changes the behavior such that if the SkipAsSource member in the MIB_UNICASTIPADDRESS_ROW structure is set to false, the IP address will be registered in DNS. If the SkipAsSource member is set to true, the IP address is not registered in DNS.
A hotfix is available for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 that adds support to Netsh.exe for setting the SkipAsSource attribute on an IP address. This hotfix also changes behavior such that if the SkipAsSource member in the MIB_UNICASTIPADDRESS_ROW structure is set to false, the IP address will be registered in DNS. If the SkipAsSource member is set to true, the IP address is not registered in DNS. For more information, see Knowledge Base (KB) 2386184.
A similar hotfix is also available for Windows Vista with Service Pack 2 (SP2) and Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2 (SP2) that adds support to Netsh.exe for setting the SkipAsSource attribute on an IP address. This hotfix also changes behavior such that if the SkipAsSource member in the MIB_UNICASTIPADDRESS_ROW structure is set to false, the IP address will be registered in DNS. If the SkipAsSource member is set to true, the IP address is not registered in DNS.
Callers of the GetAddrInfoEx function can provide hints about the type of socket supported through an addrinfoex structure pointed to by the pHints parameter. When the pHints parameter is used, the following rules apply to its associated addrinfoex structure:
- A value of AF_UNSPEC for ai_family indicates the caller will accept only the AF_INET and AF_INET6 address families. Note that AF_UNSPEC and PF_UNSPEC are the same.
- A value of zero for ai_socktype indicates the caller will accept any socket type.
- A value of zero for ai_protocol indicates the caller will accept any protocol.
- The ai_addrlen member must be set to zero.
- The ai_canonname member must be set to NULL.
- The ai_addr member must be set to NULL.
- The ai_next member must be set to NULL.
Other values in the addrinfoex structure provided in the pHints parameter indicate specific requirements. For example, if the caller handles only IPv4 and does not handle IPv6, the ai_family member should be set to AF_INET. For another example, if the caller handles only TCP and does not handle UDP, the ai_socktype member should be set to SOCK_STREAM.
If the pHints parameter is a NULL pointer, the GetAddrInfoEx function treats it as if the addrinfoex structure in pHints were initialized with its ai_family member set to AF_UNSPEC and all other members set to NULL or zero.
When GetAddrInfoEx is called from a service, if the operation is the result of a user process calling the service, the service should impersonate the user. This is to allow security to be properly enforced.
The GetAddrInfoEx function can be used to convert a text string representation of an IP address to an addrinfoex structure that contains a sockaddr structure for the IP address and other information. To be used in this way, the string pointed to by the pName parameter must contain a text representation of an IP address and the addrinfoex structure pointed to by the pHints parameter must have the AI_NUMERICHOST flag set in the ai_flags member. The string pointed to by the pName parameter may contain a text representation of either an IPv4 or an IPv6 address. The text IP address is converted to an addrinfoex structure pointed to by the ppResult parameter. The returned addrinfoex structure contains a sockaddr structure for the IP address along with additional information about the IP address.
Multiple namespace providers may be installed on a local computer for the same namespace. For example, the base Windows TCP/IP networking software registers for the NS_DNS namespace. The Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway (TMG) and the older Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server include Firewall Client software that also registers for the NS_DNS namespace. When the dwNameSpace parameter is set to a value (NS_DNS, for example) and the lpNspId parameter is NULL, the results returned by the GetAddrInfoEx function are the merged results from all namespace providers that register for the specified namespace with duplicate results eliminated. The lpNspId parameter should be set to the GUID of the specific namespace provider if only a single namespace provider is to be queried.
If the pNameSpace parameter is set to NS_ALL, then the results from querying all namespace providers is merged and returned. In this case, duplicate responses may be returned in the results pointed to by the ppResult parameter if multiple namespace providers return the same information.
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, if the GetAddrInfoEx function will complete asynchronously, the pointer returned in the lpNameHandle parameter may be used with the GetAddrInfoExCancel function. The handle returned is valid when GetAddrInfoEx returns until the completion routine is called, the event is triggered, or GetAddrInfoExCancel function is called with this handle.
Freeing Address Information from Dynamic Allocation
All information returned by the GetAddrInfoEx function pointed to by the ppResult parameter is dynamically allocated, including all addrinfoex structures, socket address structures, and canonical host name strings pointed to by addrinfoex structures. Memory allocated by a successful call to this function must be released with a subsequent call to FreeAddrInfoEx.Example Code
The following example demonstrates the use of the GetAddrInfoEx function.#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <objbase.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// Need to link with Ws2_32.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
// Need to link with Ole32.lib to print GUID
#pragma comment(lib, "ole32.lib")
int __cdecl wmain(int argc, wchar_t ** argv)
{
//-----------------------------------------
// Declare and initialize variables
WSADATA wsaData;
int iResult;
DWORD dwRetval;
int i = 1;
DWORD dwNamespace = NS_ALL;
LPGUID lpNspid = NULL;
ADDRINFOEX *result = NULL;
ADDRINFOEX *ptr = NULL;
ADDRINFOEX hints;
// LPSOCKADDR sockaddr_ip;
struct sockaddr_in *sockaddr_ipv4;
struct sockaddr_in6 *sockaddr_ipv6;
// DWORD ipbufferlength = 46;
wchar_t ipstringbuffer[46];
// variables needed to print namespace provider GUID
int iRet = 0;
WCHAR GuidString[40] = { 0 };
// Validate the parameters
if (argc != 4) {
wprintf(L"usage: %ws <hostname> <servicename> <namespace>\n", argv[0]);
wprintf(L"getaddrinfoex provides protocol-independent translation\n");
wprintf(L" from a host name to an IP address\n");
wprintf(L"%ws example usage\n", argv[0]);
wprintf(L" %ws www.contoso.com 0 12\n", argv[0]);
wprintf(L" looks up the www.contoso.com in the NS_DNS namespace\n",
argv[0]);
return 1;
}
// Initialize Winsock
iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (iResult != 0) {
wprintf(L"WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult);
return 1;
}
//--------------------------------
// Setup the hints address info structure
// which is passed to the getaddrinfo() function
ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof (hints));
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
dwNamespace = (DWORD) _wtoi(argv[3]);
wprintf(L"Calling GetAddrInfoEx with following parameters:\n");
wprintf(L"\tName = %ws\n", argv[1]);
wprintf(L"\tServiceName (or port) = %ws\n", argv[2]);
wprintf(L"\tNamespace = %s (", argv[3]);
switch (dwNamespace) {
case NS_ALL:
wprintf(L"(NS_ALL)\n");
break;
case NS_DNS:
wprintf(L"(NS_DNS)\n");
break;
case NS_NETBT:
wprintf(L"NS_NETBT");
break;
case NS_WINS:
wprintf(L"NS_WINS");
break;
case NS_NLA:
wprintf(L"NS_NLA");
break;
case NS_BTH:
wprintf(L"NS_BTH");
break;
case NS_NTDS:
wprintf(L"NS_NTDS");
break;
case NS_EMAIL:
wprintf(L"NS_EMAIL");
break;
case NS_PNRPNAME:
wprintf(L"NS_PNRPNAME");
break;
case NS_PNRPCLOUD:
wprintf(L"NS_PNRPCLOUD");
break;
default:
wprintf(L"Other");
break;
}
wprintf(L")\n\n");
//--------------------------------
// Call getaddrinfoex(). If the call succeeds,
// the result variable will hold a linked list
// of addrinfo structures containing response
// information
dwRetval =
GetAddrInfoEx(argv[1], argv[2], dwNamespace, lpNspid, &hints, &result,
NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (dwRetval != 0) {
wprintf(L"GetAddrInfoEx failed with error: %d\n", dwRetval);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
wprintf(L"GetAddrInfoEx returned success\n");
// Retrieve each address and print out the hex bytes
for (ptr = result; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->ai_next) {
wprintf(L"GetAddrInfoEx response %d\n", i++);
wprintf(L"\tFlags: 0x%x\n", ptr->ai_flags);
wprintf(L"\tFamily: ");
switch (ptr->ai_family) {
case AF_UNSPEC:
wprintf(L"Unspecified\n");
break;
case AF_INET:
wprintf(L"AF_INET (IPv4)\n");
// the InetNtop function is available on Windows Vista and later
sockaddr_ipv4 = (struct sockaddr_in *) ptr->ai_addr;
wprintf(L"\tIPv4 address %ws\n",
InetNtop(AF_INET, &sockaddr_ipv4->sin_addr, ipstringbuffer,
46));
// We could also use the WSAAddressToString function
// sockaddr_ip = (LPSOCKADDR) ptr->ai_addr;
// The buffer length is changed by each call to WSAAddresstoString
// So we need to set it for each iteration through the loop for safety
// ipbufferlength = 46;
// iRetval = WSAAddressToString(sockaddr_ip, (DWORD) ptr->ai_addrlen, NULL,
// ipstringbuffer, &ipbufferlength );
// if (iRetval)
// wprintf(L"WSAAddressToString failed with %u\n", WSAGetLastError() );
// else
// wprintf(L"\tIPv4 address %ws\n", ipstringbuffer);
break;
case AF_INET6:
wprintf(L"AF_INET6 (IPv6)\n");
// the InetNtop function is available on Windows Vista and later
sockaddr_ipv6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *) ptr->ai_addr;
wprintf(L"\tIPv6 address %ws\n",
InetNtop(AF_INET6, &sockaddr_ipv6->sin6_addr,
ipstringbuffer, 46));
// We could also use WSAAddressToString which also returns the scope ID
// sockaddr_ip = (LPSOCKADDR) ptr->ai_addr;
// The buffer length is changed by each call to WSAAddresstoString
// So we need to set it for each iteration through the loop for safety
// ipbufferlength = 46;
//iRetval = WSAAddressToString(sockaddr_ip, (DWORD) ptr->ai_addrlen, NULL,
// ipstringbuffer, &ipbufferlength );
//if (iRetval)
// wprintf(L"WSAAddressToString failed with %u\n", WSAGetLastError() );
//else
// wprintf(L"\tIPv6 address %ws\n", ipstringbuffer);
break;
default:
wprintf(L"Other %ld\n", ptr->ai_family);
break;
}
wprintf(L"\tSocket type: ");
switch (ptr->ai_socktype) {
case 0:
wprintf(L"Unspecified\n");
break;
case SOCK_STREAM:
wprintf(L"SOCK_STREAM (stream)\n");
break;
case SOCK_DGRAM:
wprintf(L"SOCK_DGRAM (datagram) \n");
break;
case SOCK_RAW:
wprintf(L"SOCK_RAW (raw) \n");
break;
case SOCK_RDM:
wprintf(L"SOCK_RDM (reliable message datagram)\n");
break;
case SOCK_SEQPACKET:
wprintf(L"SOCK_SEQPACKET (pseudo-stream packet)\n");
break;
default:
wprintf(L"Other %ld\n", ptr->ai_socktype);
break;
}
wprintf(L"\tProtocol: ");
switch (ptr->ai_protocol) {
case 0:
wprintf(L"Unspecified\n");
break;
case IPPROTO_TCP:
wprintf(L"IPPROTO_TCP (TCP)\n");
break;
case IPPROTO_UDP:
wprintf(L"IPPROTO_UDP (UDP) \n");
break;
default:
wprintf(L"Other %ld\n", ptr->ai_protocol);
break;
}
wprintf(L"\tLength of this sockaddr: %d\n", ptr->ai_addrlen);
wprintf(L"\tCanonical name: %s\n", ptr->ai_canonname);
if (ptr->ai_blob == NULL)
wprintf(L"\tBlob: (null)\n");
else
wprintf(L"\tLength of the blob: %u\n",
(DWORD) ptr->ai_bloblen);
if (ptr->ai_provider == NULL)
wprintf(L"\tNamespace provider GUID: (null)\n");
else {
iRet =
StringFromGUID2(*(ptr->ai_provider), (LPOLESTR) & GuidString,
39);
// For c rather than C++ source code, the above line needs to be
// iRet = StringFromGUID2(&ptr.ai_provider, (LPOLESTR) &GuidString, 39);
if (iRet == 0)
wprintf(L"StringFromGUID2 failed\n");
else {
wprintf(L"\tNamespace provider: %ws\n", GuidString);
}
}
}
FreeAddrInfoEx(result);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
The following example demonstrates how to use the GetAddrInfoEx function asynchronous to resolve a name to an IP address..
//
// This sample demonstrates how to use asynchronous GetAddrInfoEx to
// resolve a name to an IP address.
//
// ResolveName <QueryName>
//
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// Need to link with Ws2_32.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
#define MAX_ADDRESS_STRING_LENGTH 64
//
// Asynchronous query context structure.
//
typedef struct _QueryContext
{
OVERLAPPED QueryOverlapped;
PADDRINFOEX QueryResults;
HANDLE CompleteEvent;
}QUERY_CONTEXT, *PQUERY_CONTEXT;
VOID
WINAPI
QueryCompleteCallback(
_In_ DWORD Error,
_In_ DWORD Bytes,
_In_ LPOVERLAPPED Overlapped
);
int
__cdecl
wmain(
_In_ int Argc, PWCHAR Argv[]
)
{
INT Error = ERROR_SUCCESS;
WSADATA wsaData;
BOOL IsWSAStartupCalled = FALSE;
ADDRINFOEX Hints;
QUERY_CONTEXT QueryContext;
HANDLE CancelHandle = NULL;
DWORD QueryTimeout = 5 * 1000; // 5 seconds
ZeroMemory(&QueryContext, sizeof(QueryContext));
//
// Validate the parameters
//
if (Argc != 2)
{
wprintf(L"Usage: ResolveName <QueryName>\n");
goto exit;
}
//
// All Winsock functions require WSAStartup() to be called first
//
Error = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (Error != 0)
{
wprintf(L"WSAStartup failed with %d\n", Error);
goto exit;
}
IsWSAStartupCalled = TRUE;
ZeroMemory(&Hints, sizeof(Hints));
Hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
//
// Note that this is a simple sample that waits/cancels a single
// asynchronous query. The reader may extend this to support
// multiple asynchronous queries.
//
QueryContext.CompleteEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
if (QueryContext.CompleteEvent == NULL)
{
Error = GetLastError();
wprintf(L"Failed to create completion event: Error %d\n", Error);
goto exit;
}
//
// Initiate asynchronous GetAddrInfoExW.
//
// Note GetAddrInfoEx can also be invoked asynchronously using an event
// in the overlapped object (Just set hEvent in the Overlapped object
// and set NULL as completion callback.)
//
// This sample uses the completion callback method.
//
Error = GetAddrInfoExW(Argv[1],
NULL,
NS_DNS,
NULL,
&Hints,
&QueryContext.QueryResults,
NULL,
&QueryContext.QueryOverlapped,
QueryCompleteCallback,
&CancelHandle);
//
// If GetAddrInfoExW() returns WSA_IO_PENDING, GetAddrInfoExW will invoke
// the completion routine. If GetAddrInfoExW returned anything else we must
// invoke the completion directly.
//
if (Error != WSA_IO_PENDING)
{
QueryCompleteCallback(Error, 0, &QueryContext.QueryOverlapped);
goto exit;
}
//
// Wait for query completion for 5 seconds and cancel the query if it has
// not yet completed.
//
if (WaitForSingleObject(QueryContext.CompleteEvent,
QueryTimeout) == WAIT_TIMEOUT )
{
//
// Cancel the query: Note that the GetAddrInfoExCancelcancel call does
// not block, so we must wait for the completion routine to be invoked.
// If we fail to wait, WSACleanup() could be called while an
// asynchronous query is still in progress, possibly causing a crash.
//
wprintf(L"The query took longer than %d seconds to complete; "
L"cancelling the query...\n", QueryTimeout/1000);
GetAddrInfoExCancel(&CancelHandle);
WaitForSingleObject(QueryContext.CompleteEvent,
INFINITE);
}
exit:
if (IsWSAStartupCalled)
{
WSACleanup();
}
if (QueryContext.CompleteEvent)
{
CloseHandle(QueryContext.CompleteEvent);
}
return Error;
}
//
// Callback function called by Winsock as part of asynchronous query complete
//
VOID
WINAPI
QueryCompleteCallback(
_In_ DWORD Error,
_In_ DWORD Bytes,
_In_ LPOVERLAPPED Overlapped
)
{
PQUERY_CONTEXT QueryContext = NULL;
PADDRINFOEX QueryResults = NULL;
WCHAR AddrString[MAX_ADDRESS_STRING_LENGTH];
DWORD AddressStringLength;
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(Bytes);
QueryContext = CONTAINING_RECORD(Overlapped,
QUERY_CONTEXT,
QueryOverlapped);
if (Error != ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
wprintf(L"ResolveName failed with %d\n", Error);
goto exit;
}
wprintf(L"ResolveName succeeded. Query Results:\n");
QueryResults = QueryContext->QueryResults;
while(QueryResults)
{
AddressStringLength = MAX_ADDRESS_STRING_LENGTH;
WSAAddressToString(QueryResults->ai_addr,
(DWORD)QueryResults->ai_addrlen,
NULL,
AddrString,
&AddressStringLength);
wprintf(L"Ip Address: %s\n", AddrString);
QueryResults = QueryResults->ai_next;
}
exit:
if (QueryContext->QueryResults)
{
FreeAddrInfoEx(QueryContext->QueryResults);
}
//
// Notify caller that the query completed
//
SetEvent(QueryContext->CompleteEvent);
return;
}
Internationalized Domain Names
Internet host names typically consist of a very restricted set of characters:- Upper and lower case ASCII letters from the English alphabet.
- Digits from 0 to 9.
- ASCII hyphen characters.
With the growth of the Internet, there is a growing need to identify Internet host names for other languages not represented by the ASCII character set. Identifiers which facilitate this need and allow non-ASCII characters (Unicode) to be represented as special ASCII character strings are known as Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs). A mechanism called Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) is used to handle IDNs in a standard fashion. The specifications for IDNs and IDNA are documented in RFC 3490, RTF 5890, and RFC 6365 published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, the GetAddrInfoEx function provides support for Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) parsing applied to the name passed in the pName parameter. Winsock performs Punycode/IDN encoding and conversion. This behavior can be disabled using the AI_DISABLE_IDN_ENCODING flag discussed below.
On Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier, the GetAddrInfoEx function does not currently provide support for IDN parsing applied to the name passed in the pName parameter. The wide character version of the GetAddrInfoEx function does not use Punycode to convert an IDN Punycode format as per RFC 3490. The wide character version of the GetAddrInfoEx function when querying DNS encodes the Unicode name in UTF-8 format, the format used by Microsoft DNS servers in an enterprise environment.
Several functions on Windows Vista and later support conversion between Unicode labels in an IDN to their ASCII equivalents. The resulting representation of each Unicode label contains only ASCII characters and starts with the xn-- prefix if the Unicode label contained any non-ASCII characters. The reason for this is to support existing DNS servers on the Internet, since some DNS tools and servers only support ASCII characters (see RFC 3490).
The IdnToAscii function uses Punycode to convert an IDN to the ASCII representation of the original Unicode string using the standard algorithm defined in RFC 3490. The IdnToUnicode function converts the ASCII form of an IDN to the normal Unicode UTF-16 encoding syntax. For more information and links to related draft standards, see Handling Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs).
The IdnToAscii function can be used to convert an IDN name to an ASCII form that then can be passed in the pName parameter to the GetAddrInfoEx function when the ASCII version of this function is used (when UNICODE and _UNICODE are not defined). To pass this IDN name to the GetAddrInfoEx function when the wide character version of this function is used (when UNICODE or _UNICODE is defined), you can use the MultiByteToWideChar function to convert the CHAR string into a WCHAR string.
Use of ai_flags in the hints parameter
Flags in the ai_flags member of the optional addrinfoex structure provided in the hints parameter modify the behavior of the function.
These flag bits are defined in the Ws2def.h header file on the Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit (SDK) for Windows 7. These flag bits are defined in the Ws2tcpip.h header file on the Windows SDK for Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. These flag bits are defined in the Ws2tcpip.h header file on the Platform Software Development Kit (SDK) for Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP.
The flag bits can be a combination of the following:
| Flag Bits | Description |
|---|---|
| AI_PASSIVE |
Setting the AI_PASSIVE flag indicates the caller intends to use the returned socket address structure in a call to the
bind function. When the AI_PASSIVE flag is set and pName is a NULL pointer, the IP address portion of the socket address structure is set to INADDR_ANY for IPv4 addresses and IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT for IPv6 addresses.
When the AI_PASSIVE flag is not set, the returned socket address structure is ready for a call to the connect function for a connection-oriented protocol, or ready for a call to either the connect, sendto, or send functions for a connectionless protocol. If the pName parameter is a NULL pointer in this case, the IP address portion of the socket address structure is set to the loopback address. |
| AI_CANONNAME |
If neither AI_CANONNAME nor AI_NUMERICHOST is used, the
GetAddrInfoEx function attempts resolution. If a literal string is passed
GetAddrInfoEx attempts to convert the string, and if a host name is passed the
GetAddrInfoEx function attempts to resolve the name to an address or multiple addresses.
When the AI_CANONNAME bit is set, the pName parameter cannot be NULL. Otherwise the GetAddrInfoEx function will fail with WSANO_RECOVERY. When the AI_CANONNAME bit is set and the GetAddrInfoEx function returns success, the ai_canonname member in the ppResult parameter points to a NULL-terminated string that contains the canonical name of the specified node. Note The GetAddrInfoEx function can return success when the AI_CANONNAME flag is set, yet the ai_canonname member in the associated
addrinfo structure is NULL. Therefore, the recommended use of the AI_CANONNAME flag includes testing whether the ai_canonname member in the associated
addrinfoex structure is NULL.
|
| AI_NUMERICHOST | When the AI_NUMERICHOST bit is set, the pName parameter must contain a non-NULL numeric host address string, otherwise the EAI_NONAME error is returned. This flag prevents a name resolution service from being called. |
| AI_NUMERICSERV |
When the AI_NUMERICSERV bit is set, the pServiceName parameter must contain a non-NULL numeric port number, otherwise the EAI_NONAME error is returned. This flag prevents a name resolution service from being called.
The AI_NUMERICSERV flag is defined on Windows SDK for Windows Vista and later. The AI_NUMERICSERV flag is not supported by Microsoft providers. |
| AI_ALL |
If the AI_ALL bit is set, a request is made for IPv6 addresses and IPv4 addresses with AI_V4MAPPED.
The AI_ALL flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows Vista and later. The AI_ALL flag is supported on Windows Vista and later. |
| AI_ADDRCONFIG |
If the AI_ADDRCONFIG bit is set, GetAddrInfoEx will resolve only if a global address is configured. If AI_ADDRCONFIG flag is specified, IPv4 addresses shall be
returned only if an IPv4 address is configured on the local system,
and IPv6 addresses shall be returned only if an IPv6 address is
configured on the local system. The IPv4 or IPv6 loopback address is not
considered a valid global address.
The AI_ADDRCONFIG flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows Vista and later. The AI_ADDRCONFIG flag is supported on Windows Vista and later. |
| AI_V4MAPPED |
If the AI_V4MAPPED bit is set and a request for IPv6 addresses fails, a name service request is made for IPv4 addresses and these addresses are converted to IPv4-mapped IPv6 address format.
The AI_V4MAPPED flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows Vista and later. The AI_V4MAPPED flag is supported on Windows Vista and later. |
| AI_NON_AUTHORITATIVE |
If the AI_NON_AUTHORITATIVE bit is set, the NS_EMAIL namespace provider returns both authoritative and non-authoritative results. If the AI_NON_AUTHORITATIVE bit is not set, the NS_EMAIL namespace provider returns only authoritative results.
The AI_NON_AUTHORITATIVE flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows Vista and later. The AI_NON_AUTHORITATIVE flag is supported on Windows Vista and later and applies only to the NS_EMAIL namespace. |
| AI_SECURE |
If the AI_SECURE bit is set, the NS_EMAIL namespace provider will return results that were obtained with enhanced security to minimize possible spoofing.
The AI_SECURE flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows Vista and later. The AI_SECURE flag is supported on Windows Vista and later and applies only to the NS_EMAIL namespace. |
| AI_RETURN_PREFERRED_NAMES |
If the AI_RETURN_PREFERRED_NAMES is set, then no name should be provided in the pName parameter. The NS_EMAIL namespace provider will return preferred names for publication.
The AI_RETURN_PREFERRED_NAMES flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows Vista and later. The AI_RETURN_PREFERRED_NAMES flag is supported on Windows Vista and later and applies only to the NS_EMAIL namespace. |
| AI_FQDN |
If the AI_FQDN is set and a flat name (single label) is specified, GetAddrInfoEx will return the fully qualified domain name that the name eventually resolved to. The fully qualified domain name is returned in the ai_canonname member in the associated
addrinfoex structure. This is different than AI_CANONNAME bit flag that returns the canonical name registered in DNS which may be different than the fully qualified domain name that the flat name resolved to.
When the AI_FQDN bit is set, the pName parameter cannot be NULL. Otherwise the GetAddrInfoEx function will fail with WSANO_RECOVERY. On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, both the AI_FQDN and AI_CANONNAME bits can be set. If the GetAddrInfoEx function is called with both the AI_FQDN and AI_CANONNAME bits, the ppResult parameter returns a pointer to an addrinfoex2 structure, not an addrinfoex structure. On Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, only one of the AI_FQDN and AI_CANONNAME bits can be set. The GetAddrInfoEx function will fail if both flags are present with EAI_BADFLAGS. Windows 7: The AI_FQDN flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows 7 and later. The AI_FQDN flag is supported on Windows 7 and later. |
| AI_FILESERVER |
If the AI_FILESERVER is set, this is a hint to the namespace provider that the hostname being queried is being used in file share scenario. The namespace provider may ignore this hint.
Windows 7: The AI_FILESERVER flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows 7 and later. The AI_FILESERVER flag is supported on Windows 7 and later. |
| AI_DISABLE_IDN_ENCODING |
If the AI_DISABLE_IDN_ENCODING is set, this disables the automatic International Domain Name encoding using Punycode in the name resolution functions called by the GetAddrInfoEx function.
Windows 8: The AI_DISABLE_IDN_ENCODING flag is defined on the Windows SDK for Windows 8 and later. The AI_DISABLE_IDN_ENCODING flag is supported on Windows 8 and later. |
Note
The ws2tcpip.h header defines GetAddrInfoEx as an alias which automatically selects the ANSI or Unicode version of this function based on the definition of the UNICODE preprocessor constant. Mixing usage of the encoding-neutral alias with code that not encoding-neutral can lead to mismatches that result in compilation or runtime errors. For more information, see Conventions for Function Prototypes.
Requirements
| Requirement | Value |
|---|---|
| Minimum supported client | Windows XP [desktop apps | UWP apps] |
| Minimum supported server | Windows Server 2008 [desktop apps | UWP apps] |
| Target Platform | Windows |
| Header | ws2tcpip.h |
| Library | Ws2_32.lib |
| DLL | Ws2_32.dll |