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USB serial driver (Usbser.sys)

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Important

This topic is for programmers. If you are a customer experiencing USB problems, see Fix USB-C problems in Windows

Use the Microsoft-provided USB driver (Usbser.sys) for your communications and CDC control device. Microsoft encourages you to use the drivers included with Windows whenever possible.

Versions supported

  • Windows 11
  • Windows 10

Applies to

  • Device manufacturers of CDC control devices

In Windows 10, the driver was rewritten using the Kernel-Mode Driver Framework, improving the overall stability of the driver.

  • Improved Plug and Play and power management by the driver.
  • Added power management features such as USB Selective Suspend.

In addition, UWP applications can now use the APIs provided by the Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication namespace that allow apps to talk to these devices.

Usbser.sys installation

Load the Microsoft-provided in-box driver (Usbser.sys) for your communications and CDC control device.

Note

If you trying to install a USB device class driver included in Windows, you do not need to download the driver. They are installed automatically. If they are not installed automatically, contact the device manufacturer. For the list of USB device class driver included in Windows, see USB device class drivers included in Windows.

Starting in Windows 10, Usbser.inf was added to the %Systemroot%\INF directory, which loads Usbser.sys as the functional device object (FDO) in the device stack. If your device belongs to the communications and CDC control device class, Usbser.sys is loaded automatically. You don't need to write your own INF to reference the driver. The driver is loaded based on a compatible ID match similar to other USB device class drivers included in Windows.

USB\Class_02

USB\Class_02&SubClass_02

  • If you want to load Usbser.sys automatically, set the class code to 02 and subclass code to 02 in the Device Descriptor. With this approach, you aren't required to distribute INF files for your device because the system uses Usbser.inf. For more information, see Class definitions for Communication Devices 1.2.

  • If your device specifies class code 02 but a subclass code value other than 02, Usbser.sys doesn't load automatically. The Plug and Play manager tries to find a driver. If a suitable driver isn't found, the device might not have a driver loaded. You might have to load your own driver or write an INF that references another in-box driver.

  • If your device specifies class and subclass codes to 02, and you want to load another driver instead of Usbser.sys, you have to write an INF that specifies the hardware ID of the device and the driver to install. For examples, look through the INF files included with sample drivers and find devices similar to your device. For information about INF sections, see Overview of INF Files.

Configure selective suspend for Usbser.sys

Starting in Windows 10, Usbser.sys supports USB Selective Suspend. It allows the attached USB-to-serial device to enter a low power state when not in use, while the system remains in the S0 state. When communication with the device resumes, the device can leave the suspend state and resume the working state. The feature is disabled by default and can be enabled and configured by setting the IdleUsbSelectiveSuspendPolicy entry under this registry key:

HKEY\LOCAL\MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\USB\<hardware id>\<instance id>\Device Parameters

To configure power management features of Usbser.sys, you can set IdleUsbSelectiveSuspendPolicy to:

  • "0x00000001": Enters selective suspend when idle, that is, when there are no active data transfers to or from the device.

  • "0x00000000": Enters selective suspend only when there are no open handles to the device.

That entry can be added in one of two ways:

  • Write an INF that references the install INF and add the registry entry in the HW.AddReg section.

  • Describe the registry entry in an extended properties OS feature descriptor. Add a custom property section that sets the bPropertyName field to a Unicode string, "IdleUsbSelectiveSuspendPolicy" and wPropertyNameLength to 62 bytes. Set the bPropertyData field to "0x00000001" or "0x00000000". The property values are stored as little-endian 32-bit integers.

    For more information, see Microsoft OS Descriptors.

Develop Windows applications for a USB CDC device

Starting in Windows 10, a Windows app can send requests to Usbser.sys by using the Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication namespace. It defines Windows Runtime classes that can use to communicate with a USB CDC device through a serial port or some abstraction of a serial port. The classes provide functionality to discover such serial device, read and write data, and control serial-specific properties for flow control, such as setting baud rate, signal states.