KdPrintEx macro (wdm.h)
The KdPrintEx macro sends a string to the kernel debugger if the conditions you specify are met.
A call to KdPrintEx requires double parentheses.
Syntax
void KdPrintEx(
_x_
);
Parameters
_x_
Specifies arguments for the format string, as in printf.
Return value
None
Remarks
KdPrintEx is identical to the DbgPrintEx routine in code that is compiled for a debug configuration. This routine has no effect in code that is compiled for a release build. Only kernel-mode drivers can call the KdPrintEx routine.
KdPrintEx either passes the specified string to the kernel debugger or does nothing at all, depending on the values of ComponentId, Level, and the corresponding component filter masks. For details, see Reading and Filtering Debugging Messages.
Unless it is absolutely necessary, you should not obtain a string from user input or another process and pass it to KdPrintEx. If you do use a string that you did not create, you must verify that this is a valid format string, and that the format codes match the argument list in type and quantity. The best coding practice is for all Format strings to be static and defined at compile time.
There is no upper limit to the size of the Format string or the number of arguments. However, any single call to KdPrintEx will only transmit 512 bytes of information. There is also a limit to the size of the DbgPrint buffer. See The DbgPrint Buffer and the Debugger for details.
This routine is defined in ntddk.h and ndis.h; component filter IDs are defined in dpfilter.h, ndis.h, and wdm.h. Include ntddk.h or ndis.h.
Here are the arguments:
ComponentId [in]
Specifies the component calling this routine. This must be one of the component name filter IDs defined in the dpfilter.h header file. To avoid mixing your driver's output with the output of Windows components, you should use only the following values for ComponentId:
DPFLTR_IHVVIDEO_ID
DPFLTR_IHVAUDIO_ID
DPFLTR_IHVNETWORK_ID
DPFLTR_IHVSTREAMING_ID
DPFLTR_IHVBUS_ID
DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID
Format [in]
Specifies a pointer to the format string to print. The Format string supports most of the printf-style format specification fields. However, the Unicode format codes (%C, %S, %lc, %ls, %wc, %ws, and %wZ) can only be used with IRQL = PASSIVE_LEVEL. The KdPrintEx routine does not support any of the floating point types (%f, %e, %E, %g, %G, %a, or %A).
Level [in]
Specifies the severity of this message. This can be any 32-bit integer. Values between 0 and 31 (inclusive) are treated differently than values between 32 and 0xFFFFFFFF. For details, see Reading and Filtering Debugging Messages.
Requirements
| Requirement | Value |
|---|---|
| Minimum supported client | Available in Microsoft Windows XP and later. |
| Target Platform | Desktop |
| Header | wdm.h (include Wdm.h) |
| Library | NtosKrnl.lib (See DbgPrintEx.) |
| DLL | NtosKrnl.exe |