Use the Blazor router component to control your app's navigation
Blazor's routing system provides flexible options for ensuring that user requests reach a component that can handle them and return information the user wants.
Suppose you're working on the pizza delivery company's website. You want to set up the site so that requests for pizza details and custom-topping details are both handled by the same component. You completed this phase, but your testing shows that the topping requests are receiving an error message. You need to fix this problem.
Here, you learn how to configure routes in Blazor by using the @page directive.
Note
The code blocks in this unit are illustrative examples. You write your own code in the next unit.
Using route templates
When the user makes a request for a page from your web app, they can specify what they want to see with information in the URI. For example:
http://www.contoso.com/pizzas/margherita?extratopping=pineapple
After the protocol and website address, this URI indicates that the user wants to know about margherita pizzas. Also, the query string after the question mark shows that they're interested in an extra topping of pineapple. In Blazor, you use routing to ensure that each request is sent to the component that can best respond. You also use routing to ensure that the component has all the information it needs to display what the user wants. In this case, you might want to send the request to the Pizzas component and for that component to display a margherita pizza with information about adding pineapple to it.
Blazor routes requests with a specialized component called the Router component. The component is configured in App.razor like this:
<Router AppAssembly="@typeof(Program).Assembly">
<Found Context="routeData">
<RouteView RouteData="@routeData" DefaultLayout="@typeof(MainLayout)" />
</Found>
<NotFound>
<p>Sorry, we haven't found any pizzas here.</p>
</NotFound>
</Router>
When the app starts, Blazor checks the AppAssembly attribute to find out which assembly it should scan. It scans that assembly for components that have the RouteAttribute present. Blazor uses these values to compile a RouteData object that specifies how requests are routed to components. When you code the app, you use the @page directive in each component to fix the RouteAttribute.
In the preceding code, the <Found> tag specifies the component that handles the routing at runtime: the RouteView component. This component receives the RouteData object and any parameters from the URI or query string. It then renders the specified component and its layout. You can use the <Found> tag to specify a default layout, which is used when the selected component doesn't specify a layout with the @layout directive. You learn more about layouts later in this module.
In the <Router> component, you can also specify what is returned to the user when there isn't a matching route, by using the <NotFound> tag. The preceding example returns a single <p> paragraph, but you can render more complex HTML. For example, it might include a link to the home page or a contact page for site administrators.
Using the @page directive
In a Blazor component, the @page directive specifies that the component should handle requests directly. You can specify a RouteAttribute in the @page directive by passing it as a string. For example, this attribute specifies that the page handles requests to the /Pizzas route:
@page "/Pizzas"
If you want to specify more than one route to the component, use two or more @page directives, like in this example:
@page "/Pizzas"
@page "/CustomPizzas"
Obtaining location information and navigating with NavigationManager
Suppose you write a component to handle a URI that the user requests, such as http://www.contoso.com/pizzas/margherita/?extratopping=pineapple.
When you write a component, you might need access to navigation information like:
- The current full URI, such as
http://www.contoso.com/pizzas/margherita?extratopping=pineapple. - The base URI, such as
http://www.contoso.com/. - The base relative path, such as
pizzas/margherita. - The query string, such as
?extratopping=pineapple.
You can use a NavigationManager object to obtain all these values. You must inject the object into the component and then you can access its properties. This code uses the NavigationManager object to obtain the website's base URI and then uses it to set a link to the home page:
@page "/pizzas"
@inject NavigationManager NavManager
<h1>Buy a Pizza</h1>
<p>I want to order a: @PizzaName</p>
<a href=@HomePageURI>Home Page</a>
@code {
[Parameter]
public string PizzaName { get; set; }
public string HomePageURI { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
HomePageURI = NavManager.BaseUri;
}
}
To access the query string, you must parse the full URI. To execute this parse, use the QueryHelpers class from the Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities assembly:
@page "/pizzas"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities
@inject NavigationManager NavManager
<h1>Buy a Pizza</h1>
<p>I want to order a: @PizzaName</p>
<p>I want to add this topping: @ToppingName</p>
@code {
[Parameter]
public string PizzaName { get; set; }
private string ToppingName { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
var uri = NavManager.ToAbsoluteUri(NavManager.Uri);
if (QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(uri.Query).TryGetValue("extratopping", out var extraTopping))
{
ToppingName = System.Convert.ToString(extraTopping);
}
}
}
With the preceding component deployed, if a user requested the URI http://www.contoso.com/pizzas?extratopping=Pineapple, they would see the message "I want to add this topping: Pineapple" in the rendered page.
You can also use the NavigationManager object to send your users to another component in code by calling the NavigationManager.NavigateTo() method:
@page "/pizzas/{pizzaname}"
@inject NavigationManager NavManager
<h1>Buy a Pizza</h1>
<p>I want to order a: @PizzaName</p>
<button class="btn" @onclick="NavigateToPaymentPage">
Buy this pizza!
</button>
@code {
[Parameter]
public string PizzaName { get; set; }
private void NavigateToPaymentPage()
{
NavManager.NavigateTo("buypizza");
}
}
Note
The string that you pass to the NavigateTo() method is the absolute or relative URI where you want to send the user. Make sure that you have a component set up at that address. For the preceding code, a component with the @page "/buypizza" directive will handle this route.
Use NavLink components
In one of the previous examples, code was used to obtain the NavigationManager.BaseUri value and use it to set the href attribute of an <a> tag to the home page. In Blazor, use the NavLink component to render <a> tags because it toggles an active CSS class when the link's href attribute matches the current URL. By styling the active class, you can make it clear to the user which navigation link is for the current page.
When you use NavLink, the home page link example looks like the following code:
@page "/pizzas"
@inject NavigationManager NavManager
<h1>Buy a Pizza</h1>
<p>I want to order a: @PizzaName</p>
<NavLink href=@HomePageURI Match="NavLinkMatch.All">Home Page</NavLink>
@code {
[Parameter]
public string PizzaName { get; set; }
public string HomePageURI { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
HomePageURI = NavManager.BaseUri;
}
}
The Match attribute in the NavLink component is used to manage when the link is highlighted. There are two options:
- NavLinkMatch.All: When you use this value, the link is only highlighted as the active link when its
hrefmatches the entire current URL. - NavLinkMatch.Prefix: When you use this value, the link is highlighted as active when its
hrefmatches the first part of the current URL. Suppose, for example, that you had the link<NavLink href="pizzas" Match="NavLinkMatch.Prefix">. This link would be highlighted as active when the current URL washttp://www.contoso.com/pizzasand for any location within that URL, such ashttp://www.contoso.com/pizzas/formaggio. This behavior can help the user understand which section of the website they're currently viewing.