Exercise - Route traffic through the NVA

10 minutes

Now that you've created the network virtual appliance (NVA) and virtual machines (VMs), you'll route the traffic through the NVA.

Visualization of virtual machines and IP addresses.

Create public and private virtual machines

The next steps deploy a VM into the public and private subnets.

Open the Cloud Shell editor and create a file named cloud-init.txt.
```
code cloud-init.txt
```
Add the following configuration information to the file. With this configuration, the inetutils-traceroute package is installed when you create a new VM. This package contains the traceroute utility that you'll use later in this exercise.
```
#cloud-config
package_upgrade: true
packages:
   - inetutils-traceroute
```
Press Ctrl+S to save the file, and then press Ctrl+Q to close the editor.

In Cloud Shell, run the following command to create the public VM. Replace <password> with a suitable password for the azureuser account.

az vm create \
    --resource-group "<rgn>[sandbox resource group name]</rgn>" \
    --name public \
    --vnet-name vnet \
    --subnet publicsubnet \
    --image Ubuntu2204 \
    --admin-username azureuser \
    --no-wait \
    --custom-data cloud-init.txt \
    --admin-password <password>

Run the following command to create the private VM. Replace <password> with a suitable password.

az vm create \
    --resource-group "<rgn>[sandbox resource group name]</rgn>" \
    --name private \
    --vnet-name vnet \
    --subnet privatesubnet \
    --image Ubuntu2204 \
    --admin-username azureuser \
    --no-wait \
    --custom-data cloud-init.txt \
    --admin-password <password>

Run the following Linux watch command to check that the VMs are running. The watch command periodically runs the az vm list command so that you can monitor the progress of the VMs.
```
watch -d -n 5 "az vm list \
    --resource-group "<rgn>[sandbox resource group name]</rgn>" \
    --show-details \
    --query '[*].{Name:name, ProvisioningState:provisioningState, PowerState:powerState}' \
    --output table"
```
A ProvisioningState value of "Succeeded" and a PowerState value of "VM running" indicate a successful deployment. When all three VMs are running, you're ready to move on. Press Ctrl-C to stop the command and continue with the exercise.

Run the following command to save the public IP address of the public VM to a variable named PUBLICIP:

PUBLICIP="$(az vm list-ip-addresses \
    --resource-group "<rgn>[sandbox resource group name]</rgn>" \
    --name public \
    --query "[].virtualMachine.network.publicIpAddresses[*].ipAddress" \
    --output tsv)"

echo $PUBLICIP

Run the following command to save the public IP address of the private VM to a variable named PRIVATEIP:

PRIVATEIP="$(az vm list-ip-addresses \
    --resource-group "<rgn>[sandbox resource group name]</rgn>" \
    --name private \
    --query "[].virtualMachine.network.publicIpAddresses[*].ipAddress" \
    --output tsv)"

echo $PRIVATEIP

Test traffic routing through the network virtual appliance

The final steps use the Linux traceroute utility to show how traffic is routed. You'll use the ssh command to run traceroute on each VM. The first test shows the route taken by ICMP packets sent from the public VM to the private VM. The second test shows the route taken by ICMP packets sent from the private VM to the public VM.

Run the following command to trace the route from public to private. When prompted, enter the password for the azureuser account that you specified earlier.
```
ssh -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no azureuser@$PUBLICIP 'traceroute private --type=icmp; exit'
```
If you receive the error message bash: traceroute: command not found, wait a minute and retry the command. The automated installation of traceroute can take a minute or two after VM deployment. After the command succeeds, the output should look similar to the following example:
```
traceroute to private.kzffavtrkpeulburui2lgywxwg.gx.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.1.4), 64 hops max
1   10.0.2.4  0.710ms  0.410ms  0.536ms
2   10.0.1.4  0.966ms  0.981ms  1.268ms
Connection to 52.165.151.216 closed.
```
Notice that the first hop is to 10.0.2.4. This address is the private IP address of nva. The second hop is to 10.0.1.4, the address of private. In the first exercise, you added this route to the route table and linked the table to the publicsubnet subnet. So now all traffic from public to private is routed through the NVA.
Run the following command to trace the route from private to public. When prompted, enter the password for the azureuser account.
```
ssh -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no azureuser@$PRIVATEIP 'traceroute public --type=icmp; exit'
```
You should see the traffic go directly to public (10.0.0.4) and not through the NVA, as shown in the following command output.
```
traceroute to public.kzffavtrkpeulburui2lgywxwg.gx.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.4), 64 hops max
1   10.0.0.4  1.095ms  1.610ms  0.812ms
Connection to 52.173.21.188 closed.
```
The private VM is using default routes, and traffic is routed directly between the subnets.

You've now configured routing between subnets to direct traffic from the public internet through the dmzsubnet subnet before it reaches the private subnet. In the dmzsubnet subnet, you added a VM that acts as an NVA. You can configure this NVA to detect potentially malicious requests and block them before they reach their intended targets.

Exercise - Route traffic through the NVA

Create public and private virtual machines

Test traffic routing through the network virtual appliance

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