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^ (Bitwise exclusive OR) (Azure Stream Analytics)

  • Article

Performs a bitwise logical exclusive OR (XOR) operation between two integer values, evaluating each corresponding bit from both expressions.

Syntax

expression ^ expression

Arguments

expression

Is any valid expression of the data types bit or bigint. Expression is treated as a binary number for the bitwise operation.

Return types

bit if both input values are bit.

bigint if one or both input values are bigint.

Remarks

The ^ bitwise operator performs a bitwise logical exclusive OR between the two expressions, taking each corresponding bit for both expressions. The bits in the result are set to 1 if either (but not both) bits (for the current bit being resolved) in the input expressions have a value of 1; otherwise, the bit in the result is set to 0.

For illustration, the binary representation of 170 is 0000 0000 1010 1010. The binary representation of 75 is 0000 0000 0100 1011. Performing the bitwise XOR operation on these two values produces the binary result 0000 0000 1110 0001, which is decimal 225.

(170 ^ 75)
0000 0000 1010 1010
0000 0000 0100 1011
-------------------
0000 0000 1110 0001

It is to be noted that casting a FLOAT value to BIGINT, and applying a bitwise operator on it will most often not return the same result as casting it to BIT and applying the same operator:

  • First option : 170 ^ 75.0 => 170 ^ 75 = 225
  • Second option : 170 ^ 75.0 => 170 ^ 1 = 171

See the Data Types Overview for the rules of conversion to bit.

Examples

With a common input dataset:

WITH MyCTE AS (
	SELECT
		CAST(0 AS BIT) AS bit0,
		CAST(1 AS BIT) AS bit1,
		CAST(NULL AS BIT) AS bitN,
		CAST(0 AS BIGINT) AS bigint0,
		CAST(1 AS BIGINT) AS bigint1,
		CAST(NULL AS BIGINT) AS bigintN
	FROM input
)

Applying the operator on bit expressions:

SELECT
	bit0,
	bit1,
	bitN,
	bit0 ^ bit0 AS XOR00,
	bit0 ^ bit1 AS XOR01,
	bit1 ^ bit0 AS XOR10,
	bit1 ^ bit1 AS XOR11,
	bitN ^ bit1 AS XORnull
INTO bitXOR
FROM MyCTE

Returns:

bit0 bit1 bitN XOR00 XOR01 XOR10 XOR11 XORnull
false true NULL false true true false NULL

Applying the operator on bigint expressions:

SELECT
	bigint0,
	bigint1,
	bigintN,
	bigint0 ^ bigint0 AS XOR00,
	bigint0 ^ bigint1 AS XOR01,
	bigint1 ^ bigint0 AS XOR10,
	bigint1 ^ bigint1 AS XOR11,
	bigintN ^ bigint1 AS XORnull,
	170 ^ 75 AS XORvalues
INTO bigintXOR
FROM MyCTE

Returns:

bigint0 bigint1 bigintN XOR00 XOR01 XOR10 XOR11 XORnull XORvalues
0 1 NULL 0 1 1 0 NULL 225

Validating the output types:

SELECT
	GetType(bit0 ^ bit0) AS XORtype_bit,
	GetType(bigint0 ^ bigint0) AS XORtype_bigint,
	GetType(bit0 ^ bigint0) AS XORtype_mixed
INTO typesXOR
FROM MyCTE

Returns:

XORtype_bit XORtype_bigint ORtype_mixed
bit bigint bigint

See also