protected (C# Reference)
The protected keyword is a member access modifier. A protected member is accessible within its class and by derived class instances. For a comparison of protected with the other access modifiers, see Accessibility Levels.
Example
A protected member of a base class is accessible in a derived class only if the access occurs through the derived class type. For example, consider the following code segment:
class A
{
protected int x = 123;
}
class B : A
{
static void Main()
{
A a = new A();
B b = new B();
// Error CS1540, because x can only be accessed by
// classes derived from A.
// a.x = 10;
// OK, because this class derives from A.
b.x = 10;
}
}
The statement a.x = 10 generates an error because it is made within the static method Main, and not an instance of class B.
Struct members cannot be protected because the struct cannot be inherited.
In this example, the class DerivedPoint is derived from Point. Therefore, you can access the protected members of the base class directly from the derived class.
class Point
{
protected int x;
protected int y;
}
class DerivedPoint: Point
{
static void Main()
{
DerivedPoint dpoint = new DerivedPoint();
// Direct access to protected members:
dpoint.x = 10;
dpoint.y = 15;
Console.WriteLine("x = {0}, y = {1}", dpoint.x, dpoint.y);
}
}
// Output: x = 10, y = 15
If you change the access levels of x and y to private, the compiler will issue the error messages:
'Point.y' is inaccessible due to its protection level.
'Point.x' is inaccessible due to its protection level.
C# Language Specification
For more information, see the following sections in the C# Language Specification:
3.5.1 Declared Accessibility
3.5.3 Protected Access for Instance Members
3.5.4 Accessibility Constraints
10.3.5 Access Modifiers
See Also
Concepts
Reference
Access Modifiers (C# Reference)
Accessibility Levels (C# Reference)