strncat, _strncat_l, wcsncat, _wcsncat_l, _mbsncat, _mbsncat_l

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06/05/2017

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The latest version of this topic can be found at strncat, _strncat_l, wcsncat, _wcsncat_l, _mbsncat, _mbsncat_l.

Appends up to the specified number of characters of a source string to a destination string. More secure versions of these functions are available. For information, see strncat_s, _strncat_s_l, wcsncat_s, _wcsncat_s_l, _mbsncat_s, _mbsncat_s_l .

Important

_mbsncat and _mbsncat_l cannot be used in applications that execute in the Windows Runtime. For more information, see CRT functions not supported with /ZW.

Syntax

char *strncat(  
   char *strDest,  
   const char *strSource,  
   size_t count);  
     
wchar_t *wcsncat(  
   wchar_t *strDest,  
   const wchar_t *strSource,  
   size_t count);
  
unsigned char *_mbsncat(  
   unsigned char *strDest,  
   const unsigned char *strSource,  
   size_t count);  
   
unsigned char *_mbsncat_l(  
   unsigned char *strDest,  
   const unsigned char *strSource,  
   size_t count,  
   _locale_t locale);  

template <size_t size>  
char *strncat(  
   char (&strDest)[size],  
   const char *strSource,  
   size_t count); // C++ only    

template <size_t size>  
wchar_t *wcsncat(  
   wchar_t (&strDest)[size],  
   const wchar_t *strSource,  
   size_t count); // C++ only  

template <size_t size>  
unsigned char *_mbsncat(  
   unsigned char (&strDest)[size],  
   const unsigned char *strSource,  
   size_t count); // C++ only  

template <size_t size>  
unsigned char *_mbsncat_l(  
   unsigned char (&strDest)[size],  
   const unsigned char *strSource,  
   size_t count,  
   _locale_t locale); // C++ only

Parameters

strDest
Null-terminated destination string.

strSource
Null-terminated source string.

count
Maximum number of characters to append.

locale
Locale to use.

Return Value

Returns a pointer to the destination string. No return value is reserved to indicate an error.

Remarks

The strncat function appends, at most, the first count characters of strSource to strDest. The initial character of strSource overwrites the terminating null character of strDest. If a null character appears in strSource before count characters are appended, strncat appends all characters from strSource, up to the null character. If count is greater than the length of strSource, the length of strSource is used in place of count. In all cases, the resulting string is terminated with a null character. If copying takes place between strings that overlap, the behavior is undefined.

Important

strncat does not check for sufficient space in strDest; it is therefore a potential cause of buffer overruns. Keep in mind that count limits the number of characters appended; it is not a limit on the size of strDest. For details, see the examples below. For more information, see Avoiding Buffer Overruns.

wcsncat and _mbsncat are wide-character and multibyte-character versions of strncat. The string arguments and return value of wcsncat are wide-character strings; those of _mbsncat are multibyte-character strings. These three functions behave identically otherwise.

The output value is affected by the setting of the LC_CTYPE category setting of the locale; see setlocale for more information. The versions of these functions without the _l suffix use the current locale for this locale-dependent behavior; the versions with the _l suffix are identical except that they use the locale parameter passed in instead. For more information, see Locale.

In C++, these functions have template overloads. For more information, see Secure Template Overloads.

Generic-Text Routine Mappings

TCHAR.H routine	_UNICODE & _MBCS not defined	_MBCS defined	_UNICODE defined
`_tcsncat`	`strncat`	`_mbsnbcat`	`wcsncat`
`_tcsncat_l`	`_strncat_l`	`_mbsnbcat_l`	`_wcsncat_l`

Note

_strncat_l and _wcsncat_l have no locale dependence and are not meant to be called directly. They are provided for internal use by _tcsncat_l.

Requirements

Routine	Required header
`strncat`	<string.h>
`wcsncat`	<string.h> or <wchar.h>
`_mbsncat`	<mbstring.h>
`_mbsncat_l`	<mbstring.h>

For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility.

Example

// crt_strncat.c  
// Use strcat and strncat to append to a string.  
// Compile by using: cl /W4 crt_strncat.c

// To disable security deprecation warnings for strncat and strcpy, 
// define this symbol before you include any standard headers:
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>
  
#define MAXSTRINGLEN 39  
  
// struct to show what happens if a buffer overrun occurs.
struct {
char dest[MAXSTRINGLEN+1]; // The target of our writes
char safe[MAXSTRINGLEN+1]; // The next part of memory
} strings;  
  
void BadAppend(char suffix[], int n)  
{  
    strncat(strings.dest, suffix, n);
    // Bad: There is no check to see if up to n characters of
    // suffix can fit into the destination along with a terminating null.  
}  

void BadAppend2(char suffix[])
{
    strncat(strings.dest, suffix, _countof(strings.dest));
    // Bad: attempts to write the total number of characters
    // allocated for the destination, starting after the characters
    // already in the destination.
}

void BadAppend3(char suffix[])
{
    strncat(strings.dest, suffix, 
        _countof(strings.dest) - strlen(strings.dest));
    // Bad: does not account for the terminating null.
}
  
void GoodAppend(char suffix[], size_t n)  
{  
    strncat(strings.dest, suffix, 
        __min(n, _countof(strings.dest) - strlen(strings.dest) - 1));  
    // Good: does not append more than the number of characters 
    // available in the destination and leaves room for the null.
}  

void init_strings()
{
    strcpy(strings.dest, "This is a 25-char string!");  
    strcpy(strings.safe, "This wasn't overwritten by strncat.");  
}

void report_results(char function_name[])
{
    printf("After %s :  %s (%d chars)\n", 
        function_name, strings.dest, strlen(strings.dest));  
    printf("buffer overrun check :  %s\n", strings.safe);  
}
  
int main(void)  
{  
    // Initialize the destination string with 25 characters and
    // the overrun check buffer with a test string.
    init_strings();
    printf("strings.dest can hold up to %d characters plus a null.\n", 
        MAXSTRINGLEN);
    printf("If the check buffer isn't overrun, it contains:\n%s\n\n",
        strings.safe);

    // Append 20 characters to the string.
    BadAppend("Extra text to add to the string...", 20);
    report_results("BadAppend");  
  
    init_strings();
    // Append up to the length of the destination string.
    BadAppend2("Extra text to add to the string...");  
    report_results("BadAppend2");  
  
    init_strings();
    // Append up to the length of the destination string minus
    // the number of characters already in the string.
    BadAppend3("Extra text to add to the string...");  
    report_results("BadAppend3");  
  
    init_strings();
    // Append up to the length of the destination string minus
    // the number of characters already in the string and one for
    // the terminating null, or 20, whichever is smaller.
    GoodAppend("Extra text to add to the string...", 20);  
    report_results("GoodAppend");  
}

    strings.dest can hold up to 39 characters plus a null.
    If the check buffer isn't overrun, it contains:
    This wasn't overwritten by strncat.
    
    After BadAppend :  This is a 25-char string!Extra text to add to (45 chars)
    buffer overrun check :  dd to
    After BadAppend2 :  This is a 25-char string!Extra text to add to the string... (59 chars)
    buffer overrun check :  dd to the string...
    After BadAppend3 :  This is a 25-char string!Extra text to a (40 chars)
    buffer overrun check :
    After GoodAppend :  This is a 25-char string!Extra text to  (39 chars)
    buffer overrun check :  This wasn't overwritten by strncat.

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