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Replication Snapshot Agent

The Replication Snapshot Agent is an executable file that prepares snapshot files containing schema and data of published tables and database objects, stores the files in the snapshot folder, and records synchronization jobs in the distribution database.

Note

Parameters can be specified in any order.

Syntax

snapshot [ -?] 
-Publisherserver_name[\instance_name] 
-Publication publication_name 
[-70Subscribers] 
[-BcpBatchSizebcp_batch_size]
[-DefinitionFiledef_path_and_file_name]
[-Distributorserver_name[\instance_name]]
[-DistributorDeadlockPriority [-1|0|1] ]
[-DistributorLogindistributor_login]
[-DistributorPassworddistributor_password]
[-DistributorSecurityMode [0|1] ]
[-DynamicFilterHostNamedynamic_filter_host_name]
[-DynamicFilterLogindynamic_filter_login]
[-DynamicSnapshotLocationdynamic_snapshot_location] 
[-EncryptionLevel [0|1|2]]
[-FieldDelimiterfield_delimiter]
[-HistoryVerboseLevel [0|1|2|3] ]
[-HRBcpBlocksnumber_of_blocks ]
[-HRBcpBlockSizeblock_size ]
[-HRBcpDynamicBlocks ]
[-KeepAliveMessageIntervalkeep_alive_interval]
[-LoginTimeOutlogin_time_out_seconds]
[-MaxBcpThreadsnumber_of_threads ]
[-MaxNetworkOptimization [0|1]]
[-Outputoutput_path_and_file_name]
[-OutputVerboseLevel [0|1|2] ]
[-PacketSizepacket_size]
[-ProfileNameprofile_name]
[-PublisherDBpublisher_database]
[-PublisherDeadlockPriority [-1|0|1] ]
[-PublisherFailoverPartnerserver_name[\instance_name] ]
[-PublisherLoginpublisher_login]
[-PublisherPasswordpublisher_password] 
[-PublisherSecurityMode [0|1] ]
[-QueryTimeOutquery_time_out_seconds]
[-ReplicationType [1|2] ]
[-RowDelimiterrow_delimiter]
[-StartQueueTimeoutstart_queue_timeout_seconds]
[-UsePerArticleContentsViewuse_per_article_contents_view]

Arguments

  • -?
    Prints all available parameters.

  • -Publisher server_name[**\instance_name]
    Is the name of the Publisher. Specify server_name for the default instance of Microsoft SQL Server on that server. Specify server_name    \**instance_name for a named instance of SQL Server on that server.

  • -Publicationpublication
    Is the name of the publication. This parameter is only valid if the publication is set to always have a snapshot available for new or reinitialized subscriptions.

  • -70Subscribers
    Must be used if any Subscribers are running SQL Server version 7.0.

  • -BcpBatchSizebcp_ batch_ size
    Is the number of rows to send in a bulk copy operation. When performing a bcp in operation, the batch size is the number of rows to send to the server as one transaction, and also the number of rows that must be sent before the Distribution Agent logs a bcp progress message. When performing a bcp out operation, a fixed batch size of 1000 is used. A value of 0 indicates no message logging.

  • -DefinitionFiledef_path_and_file_name
    Is the path of the agent definition file. An agent definition file contains command line arguments for the agent. The content of the file is parsed as an executable file. Use double quotation marks (") to specify argument values containing arbitrary characters.

  • -Distributorserver_name[**\instance_name]
    Is the Distributor name. Specify server_name for the default instance of SQL Server on that server. Specify server_name    \**instance_name for a named instance of SQL Server on that server.

  • -DistributorDeadlockPriority [-1|0|1]
    Is the priority of the Snapshot Agent connection to the Distributor when a deadlock occurs. This parameter is specified to resolve deadlocks that may occur between the Snapshot Agent and user applications during snapshot generation.

    DistributorDeadlockPriority value

    Description

    -1

    Applications other than the Snapshot Agent have priority when a deadlock occurs at the Distributor.

    0 (Default)

    Priority is not assigned.

    1

    Snapshot Agent has priority when a deadlock occurs at the Distributor.

  • -DistributorLogindistributor_login
    Is the login used when connecting to the Distributor using SQL Server Authentication.

  • -DistributorPassworddistributor_password
    Is the password used when connecting to the Distributor using SQL Server Authentication. .

  • -DistributorSecurityMode [ 0| 1]
    Specifies the security mode of the Distributor. A value of 0 indicates SQL Server Authentication Mode (default), and a value of 1 indicates Windows Authentication Mode.

  • -DynamicFilterHostNamedynamic_filter_host_name
    Is used to set a value for HOST_NAME (Transact-SQL) in filtering when a dynamic snapshot is created. For example, if the subset filter clause rep_id = HOST_NAME() is specified for an article, and you set the DynamicFilterHostName property to "FBJones" before calling the Merge Agent, only rows having "FBJones" in the rep_id column will be replicated.

  • -DynamicFilterLogindynamic_filter_login
    Is used to set a value for SUSER_SNAME (Transact-SQL)in filtering when a dynamic snapshot is created. For example, if the subset filter clause user_id = SUSER_SNAME() is specified for an article, and you set the DynamicFilterLogin property to "rsmith" before calling the Run method of the SQLSnapshot object, only rows having "rsmith" in the user_id column will be included in the snapshot.

  • -DynamicSnapshotLocationdynamic_snapshot_location
    Is the location where the dynamic snapshot should be generated.

  • -EncryptionLevel [ 0 | 1 | 2 ]
    Is the level of Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption used by the Snapshot Agent when making connections.

    EncryptionLevel value

    Description

    0

    Specifies that SSL is not used.

    1

    Specifies that SSL is used, but the agent does not verify that the SSL server certificate is signed by a trusted issuer.

    2

    Specifies that SSL is used, and that the certificate is verified.

    For more information, see Security Overview (Replication).

  • -FieldDelimiterfield_delimiter
    Is the character or character sequence that marks the end of a field in the SQL Server bulk-copy data file. The default is \n<x$3>\n.

  • -HistoryVerboseLevel [ 1| 2| 3]
    Specifies the amount of history logged during a snapshot operation. You can minimize the effect of history logging on performance by selecting 1.

    HistoryVerboseLevel value

    Description

    0

    Progress messages are written either to the console or to an output file. History records are not logged in the distribution database.

    1

    Always update a previous history message of the same status (startup, progress, success, and so on). If no previous record with the same status exists, insert a new record.

    2 (default)

    Insert new history records unless the record is for such things as idle messages or long-running job messages, in which case update the previous records.

    3

    Always insert new records, unless it is for idle messages.

  • -HRBcpBlocksnumber_of_blocks
    Is the number of bcp data blocks that are queued between the writer and reader threads. The default value is 50. HRBcpBlocks is only used with Oracle publications.

    Note

    This parameter is used for performance tuning of bcp performance from an Oracle Publisher.

  • -HRBcpBlockSizeblock_size
    Is the size, in kilobytes (KB), of each bcp data block. The default value is 64 KB. HRBcpBlocks is only used with Oracle publications.

    Note

    This parameter is used for performance tuning of bcp performance from an Oracle Publisher.

  • -HRBcpDynamicBlocks
    Is whether or not the size of each bcp data block can grow dynamically. HRBcpBlocks is only used with Oracle publications.

    Note

    This parameter is used for performance tuning of bcp performance from an Oracle Publisher.

  • -KeepAliveMessageIntervalkeep_alive_interval
    Is the amount of time, in seconds, that the Snapshot Agent waits before logging "waiting for backend message" to the MSsnapshot_history table. The default value is 300 seconds.

  • -LoginTimeOutlogin_time_out_seconds
    Is the number of seconds before the login times out. The default is 15 seconds.

  • -MaxBcpThreadsnumber_of_threads
    Specifies the number of bulk copy operations that can be performed in parallel. The maximum number of threads and ODBC connections that exist simultaneously is the lesser of MaxBcpThreads or the number of bulk copy requests that appear in the synchronization transaction in the distribution database. MaxBcpThreads must have a value greater than 0 and has no hard-coded upper limit. The default is 1.

  • - MaxNetworkOptimization [ 0| 1]
    Is if irrelevant deletes are sent to the Subscriber. Irrelevant deletes are DELETE commands that are sent to Subscribers for rows that do not belong to the Subscriber's partition. Irrelevant deletes do not affect data integrity or convergence, but they can result in unnecessary network traffic. The default value of MaxNetworkOptimization is 0. Setting MaxNetworkOptimization to 1 minimizing the chances of irrelevant deletes thereby reducing network traffic and maximizing network optimization. Setting this parameter to 1 can also increase the storage of metadata and cause performance to degrade at the Publisher if multiple levels of join filters and complex subset filters are present. You should carefully assess your replication topology and set MaxNetworkOptimization to 1 only if network traffic from irrelevant deletes is unacceptably high.

    Note

    Setting this parameter to 1 is useful only when the synchronization optimization option of the merge publication is set to true (the @keep_partition_changes parameter of sp_addmergepublication (Transact-SQL)).

  • -Outputoutput_path_and_file_name
    Is the path of the agent output file. If the file name is not provided, the output is sent to the console. If the specified file name exists, the output is appended to the file.

  • -OutputVerboseLevel [ 0| 1| 2]
    Specifies whether the output should be verbose.

    OutputVerboseLevel value

    Description

    0

    Only error messages are printed.

    1 (default)

    All the progress report messages are printed (default).

    2

    All error messages and progress report messages are printed, which is useful for debugging.

  • -PacketSizepacket_size
    Is the packet size (in bytes) used by the Snapshot Agent when connecting to SQL Server. The default value is 8192 bytes.

<div class="alert">


> [!NOTE]
> <P>Do not change the packet size unless you are certain that it will improve performance. For most applications, the default packet size is best.</P>


</div>

  • -ProfileNameprofile_name
    Specifies an agent profile to use for agent parameters. If ProfileName is NULL, the agent profile is disabled. If ProfileName is not specified, the default profile for the agent type is used. For information, see Replication Agent Profiles.

  • -PublisherDBpublisher_database
    Is the name of the publication database. This parameter is not supported for Oracle Publishers.

  • -PublisherDeadlockPriority [-1|0|1]
    Is the priority of the Snapshot Agent connection to the Publisher when a deadlock occurs. This parameter is specified to resolve deadlocks that may occur between the Snapshot Agent and user applications during snapshot generation.

    PublisherDeadlockPriority value

    Description

    -1

    Applications other than the Snapshot Agent have priority when a deadlock occurs at the Publisher.

    0 (Default)

    Priority is not assigned.

    1

    Snapshot Agent has priority when a deadlock occurs at the Publisher.

  • -PublisherFailoverPartnerserver_name[**\**instance_name]
    Specifies the failover partner instance of SQL Server participating in a database mirroring session with the publication database. For more information, see Replication and Database Mirroring.

  • -PublisherLoginpublisher_login
    Is the login used when connecting to the Publisher using SQL Server Authentication.

  • -PublisherPassword publisher_password
    Is the password used when connecting to the Publisher using SQL Server Authentication. .

  • -PublisherSecurityMode [ 0| 1]
    Specifies the security mode of the Publisher. A value of 0 indicates SQL Server Authentication (default), and a value of 1 indicates Windows Authentication Mode.

  • -QueryTimeOutquery_time_out_seconds
    Is the number of seconds before the query times out. The default is 1800 seconds.

  • -ReplicationType [ 1| 2]
    Specifies the type of replication. A value of 1 indicates transactional replication, and a value of 2 indicates merge replication.

  • -RowDelimiterrow_delimiter
    Is the character or character sequence that marks the end of a row in the SQL Server bulk-copy data file. The default is \n<,@g\>\n.

  • -StartQueueTimeoutstart_queue_timeout_seconds
    Is the maximum number of seconds that the Snapshot Agent waits when the number of concurrent dynamic snapshot processes running is at the limit set by the @max_concurrent_dynamic_snapshots property of sp_addmergepublication (Transact-SQL). If the maximum number of seconds is reached and the Snapshot Agent is still waiting, it will exit. A value of 0 means that the agent waits indefinitely, although it can be canceled.

  • - UsePerArticleContentsView use_per_article_contents_view
    This parameter has been deprecated and is supported for backward-compatibility only.

Remarks

Important

If you have installed SQL Server Agent to run under a Local System account rather than under a Domain User account (the default), the service can access only the local computer. If the Snapshot Agent that runs under SQL Server Agent is configured to use Windows Authentication Mode when it logs in to SQL Server, the Snapshot Agent fails. The default setting is SQL Server Authentication.

To start the Snapshot Agent, execute snapshot.exe from the command prompt. For information, see Replication Agent Executables.