Reserved Keywords (Setup)
SQL Server uses reserved keywords to define, manipulate, and add databases. Reserved keywords are part of the Transact-SQL grammar that is used by SQL Server to parse and understand Transact-SQL statements and batches.
SQL Server instance names cannot match a reserved keyword. Use the following table to ensure that reserved keywords are not used in SQL Server instance names.
ADD |
EXCEPT |
PERCENT |
ALL |
EXEC |
PLAN |
ALTER |
EXECUTE |
PRECISION |
AND |
EXISTS |
PRIMARY |
ANY |
EXIT |
|
AS |
FETCH |
PROC |
ASC |
FILE |
PROCEDURE |
AUTHORIZATION |
FILLFACTOR |
PUBLIC |
BACKUP |
FOR |
RAISERROR |
BEGIN |
FOREIGN |
READ |
BETWEEN |
FREETEXT |
READTEXT |
BREAK |
FREETEXTTABLE |
RECONFIGURE |
BROWSE |
FROM |
REFERENCES |
BULK |
FULL |
REPLICATION |
BY |
FUNCTION |
RESTORE |
CASCADE |
GOTO |
RESTRICT |
CASE |
GRANT |
RETURN |
CHECK |
GROUP |
REVOKE |
CHECKPOINT |
HAVING |
RIGHT |
CLOSE |
HOLDLOCK |
ROLLBACK |
CLUSTERED |
IDENTITY |
ROWCOUNT |
COALESCE |
IDENTITY_INSERT |
ROWGUIDCOL |
COLLATE |
IDENTITYCOL |
RULE |
COLUMN |
IF |
SAVE |
COMMIT |
IN |
SCHEMA |
COMPUTE |
INDEX |
SELECT |
CONSTRAINT |
INNER |
SESSION_USER |
CONTAINS |
INSERT |
SET |
CONTAINSTABLE |
INTERSECT |
SETUSER |
CONTINUE |
INTO |
SHUTDOWN |
CONVERT |
IS |
SOME |
CREATE |
JOIN |
STATISTICS |
CROSS |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
CURRENT |
KILL |
TABLE |
CURRENT_DATE |
LEFT |
TEXTSIZE |
CURRENT_TIME |
LIKE |
THEN |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
LINENO |
TO |
CURRENT_USER |
LOAD |
TOP |
CURSOR |
NATIONAL |
TRAN |
DATABASE |
NOCHECK |
TRANSACTION |
DBCC |
NONCLUSTERED |
TRIGGER |
DEALLOCATE |
NOT |
TRUNCATE |
DECLARE |
NULL |
TSEQUAL |
DEFAULT |
NULLIF |
UNION |
DELETE |
OF |
UNIQUE |
DENY |
OFF |
UPDATE |
DESC |
OFFSETS |
UPDATETEXT |
DISK |
ON |
USE |
DISTINCT |
OPEN |
USER |
DISTRIBUTED |
OPENDATASOURCE |
VALUES |
DOUBLE |
OPENQUERY |
VARYING |
DROP |
OPENROWSET |
VIEW |
DUMMY |
OPENXML |
WAITFOR |
DUMP |
OPTION |
WHEN |
ELSE |
OR |
WHERE |
END |
ORDER |
WHILE |
ERRLVL |
OUTER |
WITH |
ESCAPE |
OVER |
WRITETEXT |
Additionally, the ISO standard defines a list of reserved keywords. Avoid using ISO reserved keywords for object names and identifiers. The ODBC reserved keyword list, shown in the following table, is the same as the ISO reserved keyword list.
Note
The ISO reserved keywords list sometimes can be more restrictive than SQL Server and at other times less restrictive. For example, the ISO reserved keywords list contains INT. SQL Server does not treat INT as a reserved keyword.
ODBC Reserved Keywords
The following words are reserved for use in ODBC function calls. These words do not constrain the minimum SQL grammar. However, to ensure compatibility with drivers that support the core SQL grammar, avoid using these keywords in SQL Server instance names.
ABSOLUTE |
EXEC |
OVERLAPS |
ACTION |
EXECUTE |
PAD |
ADA |
EXISTS |
PARTIAL |
ADD |
EXTERNAL |
PASCAL |
ALL |
EXTRACT |
POSITION |
ALLOCATE |
FALSE |
PRECISION |
ALTER |
FETCH |
PREPARE |
AND |
FIRST |
PRESERVE |
ANY |
FLOAT |
PRIMARY |
ARE |
FOR |
PRIOR |
AS |
FOREIGN |
PRIVILEGES |
ASC |
FORTRAN |
PROCEDURE |
ASSERTION |
FOUND |
PUBLIC |
AT |
FROM |
READ |
AUTHORIZATION |
FULL |
REAL |
AVG |
GET |
REFERENCES |
BEGIN |
GLOBAL |
RELATIVE |
BETWEEN |
GO |
RESTRICT |
BIT |
GOTO |
REVOKE |
BIT_LENGTH |
GRANT |
RIGHT |
BOTH |
GROUP |
ROLLBACK |
BY |
HAVING |
ROWS |
CASCADE |
HOUR |
SCHEMA |
CASCADED |
IDENTITY |
SCROLL |
CASE |
IMMEDIATE |
SECOND |
CAST |
IN |
SECTION |
CATALOG |
INCLUDE |
SELECT |
CHAR |
INDEX |
SESSION |
CHAR_LENGTH |
INDICATOR |
SESSION_USER |
CHARACTER |
INITIALLY |
SET |
CHARACTER_LENGTH |
INNER |
SIZE |
CHECK |
INPUT |
SMALLINT |
CLOSE |
INSENSITIVE |
SOME |
COALESCE |
INSERT |
SPACE |
COLLATE |
INT |
SQL |
COLLATION |
INTEGER |
SQLCA |
COLUMN |
INTERSECT |
SQLCODE |
COMMIT |
INTERVAL |
SQLERROR |
CONNECT |
INTO |
SQLSTATE |
CONNECTION |
IS |
SQLWARNING |
CONSTRAINT |
ISOLATION |
SUBSTRING |
CONSTRAINTS |
JOIN |
SUM |
CONTINUE |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
CONVERT |
LANGUAGE |
TABLE |
CORRESPONDING |
LAST |
TEMPORARY |
COUNT |
LEADING |
THEN |
CREATE |
LEFT |
TIME |
CROSS |
LEVEL |
TIMESTAMP |
CURRENT |
LIKE |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
CURRENT_DATE |
LOCAL |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
CURRENT_TIME |
LOWER |
TO |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
MATCH |
TRAILING |
CURRENT_USER |
MAX |
TRANSACTION |
CURSOR |
MIN |
TRANSLATE |
DATE |
MINUTE |
TRANSLATION |
DAY |
MODULE |
TRIM |
DEALLOCATE |
MONTH |
TRUE |
DEC |
NAMES |
UNION |
DECIMAL |
NATIONAL |
UNIQUE |
DECLARE |
NATURAL |
UNKNOWN |
DEFAULT |
NCHAR |
UPDATE |
DEFERRABLE |
NEXT |
UPPER |
DEFERRED |
NO |
USAGE |
DELETE |
NONE |
USER |
DESC |
NOT |
USING |
DESCRIBE |
NULL |
VALUE |
DESCRIPTOR |
NULLIF |
VALUES |
DIAGNOSTICS |
NUMERIC |
VARCHAR |
DISCONNECT |
OCTET_LENGTH |
VARYING |
DISTINCT |
OF |
VIEW |
DOMAIN |
ON |
WHEN |
DOUBLE |
ONLY |
WHENEVER |
DROP |
OPEN |
WHERE |
ELSE |
OPTION |
WITH |
END |
OR |
WORK |
END-EXEC |
ORDER |
WRITE |
ESCAPE |
OUTER |
YEAR |
EXCEPT |
OUTPUT |
ZONE |
EXCEPTION |
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