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Diacritics

  • Article

This is a listing and cross reference of the diacritic phones that are used by the three phonetic alphabets that System.Speech supports. See Phonetic Alphabet Reference.

The table columns contain the following information:

  • UPS. The phone label specified in Microsoft’s Universal Phone Set (UPS).

  • IPA. The phone label specified in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) phone set.

  • Unicode. The Unicode value from the IPA phone set.

  • SAPI ID. The Speech API (SAPI) phone ID, which in most cases is the Unicode value.

  • IPA Description. This column describes the features of the phone, such as place of articulation, manner of articulation, phonation type, and airstream mechanism. See the Glossary of Phonetic Terms for more information about the features of phones.

  • ipaASCII. The equivalent phone in ipaASCII phone set for reference.

  • X-SAMPA. The equivalent phone in X-SAMPA for reference.

Diacritic Phones

Diacritics are used to modify segmental phones (vowels, consonants, clicks, and ejectives) with additional phonetic detail. A diacritic cannot stand-alone. Diacritics must modify the preceding segmental phone. Any number of diacritics can follow a segmental symbol.

UPS

IPA

Unicode

SAPI ID

IPA Description

IPA-ASCII

X-SAMPA

+

U+0361

0361

tie bar

adv

o̟

U+031F

031F

Advanced

_+

api

t̺

U+033A

033A

Apical

_a

asp

tʰ

U+02B0

02B0

Aspirated

<h> {asp}

_h

atr

e̘

U+0318

0318

Advanced tongue root

_A

bvd

b̤

U+0324

0324

Breathy voiced

_t

cen

ë

U+0308

0308

Centralized

_"

cvd

b̰

U+0330

0330

Creaky voiced

_k

den

t̪

U+032A

032A

Dental

[ / {dnt}

_d

ejc

pʼ

U+02BC

02BC

Ejective

{ejc}

_>

lab

tʷ

U+02B7

02B7

Labialised

<w> {lzd}

_w

lam

t̻

U+033B

033B

Laminal

_m

lar

dˡ

U+02E1

02E1

Lateral release

_l

lla

n̼

U+033C

033C

Linguolabial

_N

low

e̞

U+031E

031E

Lowered

_o

lrd

o̜

U+031C

031C

Less rounded

_c

mcn

e̽

U+033D

033D

Mid-centralized

mrd

o̹

U+0339

0339

More rounded

_O

nar

d̚

U+031A

031A

No audible release

_}

nas

ñ

U+0303

0303

Nasalized

~ / <nzd>

~ / _~

nsr

oⁿ

U+207F

207F

Nasal release

_n

nsy

n̯

U+032F

032F

Non-syllabic

_^

pal

tʲ

U+02B2

02B2

Palatalized

; / {pzd}

'

phr

nˤ

U+02E4

02E4

Pharyngealized

_?\

rai

e̝

U+031D

031D

Raised

_r

ret

o̱

U+0331

0331

Retracted

_-

rho

ə˞

U+02DE

02DE

Rhoticity

`

rtr

e̙

U+0319

0319

Retracted tongue root

_q

rtr

e̙

U+0319

0319

Retracted tongue root

_q

syl

n̩

U+0329

0329

Syllabic

{syl}

= / _=

vcd

s̬

U+032C

032C

Voiced

_v

vel

tˠ

U+02E0

02E0

Velarized

{vzd}

_G

vls

n̊

U+030A

030A

Voiceless

_0

vph

l̴

U+0334

0334

Velarized or pharyngealized

{fzd}

_e