Advanced threat detection with User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) in Microsoft Sentinel
Note
For information about feature availability in US Government clouds, see the Microsoft Sentinel tables in Cloud feature availability for US Government customers.
Identifying threats inside your organization and their potential impact—whether a compromised entity or a malicious insider—has always been a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Sifting through alerts, connecting the dots, and active hunting all add up to massive amounts of time and effort expended with minimal returns, and the possibility of sophisticated threats simply evading discovery. Particularly elusive threats like zero-day, targeted, and advanced persistent threats can be the most dangerous to your organization, making their detection all the more critical.
The UEBA capability in Microsoft Sentinel eliminates the drudgery from your analysts’ workloads and the uncertainty from their efforts, and delivers high-fidelity, actionable intelligence, so they can focus on investigation and remediation.
Important
Microsoft Sentinel is generally available within Microsoft's unified security operations platform in the Microsoft Defender portal. For preview, Microsoft Sentinel is available in the Defender portal without Microsoft Defender XDR or an E5 license. For more information, see Microsoft Sentinel in the Microsoft Defender portal.
All the benefits of UEBA are available in the Microsoft Defender portal.
What is User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA)?
As Microsoft Sentinel collects logs and alerts from all of its connected data sources, it analyzes them and builds baseline behavioral profiles of your organization’s entities (such as users, hosts, IP addresses, and applications) across time and peer group horizon. Using a variety of techniques and machine learning capabilities, Microsoft Sentinel can then identify anomalous activity and help you determine if an asset has been compromised. Not only that, but it can also figure out the relative sensitivity of particular assets, identify peer groups of assets, and evaluate the potential impact of any given compromised asset (its “blast radius”). Armed with this information, you can effectively prioritize your investigation and incident handling.
UEBA analytics architecture
Security-driven analytics
Inspired by Gartner’s paradigm for UEBA solutions, Microsoft Sentinel provides an "outside-in" approach, based on three frames of reference:
Use cases: By prioritizing for relevant attack vectors and scenarios based on security research aligned with the MITRE ATT&CK framework of tactics, techniques, and sub-techniques that puts various entities as victims, perpetrators, or pivot points in the kill chain; Microsoft Sentinel focuses specifically on the most valuable logs each data source can provide.
Data Sources: While first and foremost supporting Azure data sources, Microsoft Sentinel thoughtfully selects third-party data sources to provide data that matches our threat scenarios.
Analytics: Using various machine learning (ML) algorithms, Microsoft Sentinel identifies anomalous activities and presents evidence clearly and concisely in the form of contextual enrichments, some examples of which appear below.
Microsoft Sentinel presents artifacts that help your security analysts get a clear understanding of anomalous activities in context, and in comparison with the user's baseline profile. Actions performed by a user (or a host, or an address) are evaluated contextually, where a "true" outcome indicates an identified anomaly:
- across geographical locations, devices, and environments.
- across time and frequency horizons (compared to user's own history).
- as compared to peers' behavior.
- as compared to organization's behavior.
The user entity information that Microsoft Sentinel uses to build its user profiles comes from your Microsoft Entra ID (and/or your on-premises Active Directory, now in Preview). When you enable UEBA, it synchronizes your Microsoft Entra ID with Microsoft Sentinel, storing the information in an internal database visible through the IdentityInfo table.
- In Microsoft Sentinel in the Azure portal, you query the IdentityInfo table in Log Analytics on the Logs page.
- In the Defender portal, you query this table in Advanced hunting.
Now in preview, you can also sync your on-premises Active Directory user entity information as well, using Microsoft Defender for Identity.
See Enable User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) in Microsoft Sentinel to learn how to enable UEBA and synchronize user identities.
Scoring
Each activity is scored with “Investigation Priority Score” – which determine the probability of a specific user performing a specific activity, based on behavioral learning of the user and their peers. Activities identified as the most abnormal receive the highest scores (on a scale of 0-10).
See how behavior analytics is used in Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps for an example of how this works.
Learn more about entities in Microsoft Sentinel and see the full list of supported entities and identifiers.
Entity pages
Information about entity pages can now be found at Entity pages in Microsoft Sentinel.
Querying behavior analytics data
Using KQL, we can query the BehaviorAnalytics table.
For example – if we want to find all the cases of a user that failed to sign in to an Azure resource, where it was the user's first attempt to connect from a given country/region, and connections from that country/region are uncommon even for the user's peers, we can use the following query:
BehaviorAnalytics
| where ActivityType == "FailedLogOn"
| where ActivityInsights.FirstTimeUserConnectedFromCountry == True
| where ActivityInsights.CountryUncommonlyConnectedFromAmongPeers == True
- In Microsoft Sentinel in the Azure portal, you query the BehaviorAnalytics table in Log Analytics on the Logs page.
- In the Defender portal, you query this table in Advanced hunting.
User peers metadata - table and notebook
User peers' metadata provides important context in threat detections, in investigating an incident, and in hunting for a potential threat. Security analysts can observe the normal activities of a user's peers to determine if the user's activities are unusual as compared to those of his or her peers.
Microsoft Sentinel calculates and ranks a user's peers, based on the user’s Microsoft Entra security group membership, mailing list, et cetera, and stores the peers ranked 1-20 in the UserPeerAnalytics table. The screenshot below shows the schema of the UserPeerAnalytics table, and displays the top eight-ranked peers of the user Kendall Collins. Microsoft Sentinel uses the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm to normalize the weighing for calculating the rank: the smaller the group, the higher the weight.
You can use the Jupyter notebook provided in the Microsoft Sentinel GitHub repository to visualize the user peers metadata. For detailed instructions on how to use the notebook, see the Guided Analysis - User Security Metadata notebook.
Note
The UserAccessAnalytics table has been deprecated.
Hunting queries and exploration queries
Microsoft Sentinel provides out-of-the-box a set of hunting queries, exploration queries, and the User and Entity Behavior Analytics workbook, which is based on the BehaviorAnalytics table. These tools present enriched data, focused on specific use cases, that indicate anomalous behavior.
For more information, see:
As legacy defense tools become obsolete, organizations may have such a vast and porous digital estate that it becomes unmanageable to obtain a comprehensive picture of the risk and posture their environment may be facing. Relying heavily on reactive efforts, such as analytics and rules, enable bad actors to learn how to evade those efforts. This is where UEBA comes to play, by providing risk scoring methodologies and algorithms to figure out what is really happening.
Next steps
In this document, you learned about Microsoft Sentinel's entity behavior analytics capabilities. For practical guidance on implementation, and to use the insights you've gained, see the following articles:
- Enable entity behavior analytics in Microsoft Sentinel.
- See the list of anomalies detected by the UEBA engine.
- Investigate incidents with UEBA data.
- Hunt for security threats.
For more information, also see the Microsoft Sentinel UEBA reference.