Using Azure Export for Terraform in advanced scenarios

Article
08/16/2024

This article explains how to do some of the more advanced tasks with Azure Export for Terraform.

Append resources to existing Terraform environments.
Export resources into an existing Terraform environment with a remote backend state

Appending to existing resources

By default, Azure Export for Terraform ensures the output directory is empty to avoid any conflicts with existing user files. If you need to import resources to an existing state file, add the --append flag.

aztfexport [command] --append <scope>

When the --append flag is specified, Azure Export for Terraform verifies if there's a pre-existing provider or terraform block in any of the files in the current directory. If not, the tool creates a file for each block and then proceeds with exporting. If the output directory has a state file, any exported resources are imported into the state file.

Additionally, the file generated has a .aztfexport suffix before the extension - such as main.aztfexport.tf - to avoid potential file name conflicts.

If you run aztfexport --append multiple times, a single main.aztfexport.tf is created with the export results appended to the file each time the command is run.

Bring your own Terraform configuration

By default, Azure Export for Terraform uses a local backend to store the state file. However, it's also possible to use a remote backend. Azure Export for Terraform enables you to define your own terraform or provider blocks to pass.

Define these blocks in a .tf file within your target directory, export with the --append flag, and your config exports to the specified backend and provider version (if it's provided).

Important

If the specified version of AzureRM doesn't match your installed version when exporting, the command fails.

Azure Storage example

This example is based on the article, Store Terraform state in Azure Storage.

terraform {
  required_providers {
    azurerm = {
      source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
      version = "~>3.0"
    }
  }
    backend "azurerm" {
        resource_group_name  = "tfstate"
        storage_account_name = "storageacc"
        container_name       = "tfstate"
        key                  = "terraform.tfstate"
    }

}

provider "azurerm" {
  features {}
}

Terraform Cloud example

terraform {
  cloud {
    organization = "aztfexport-test"
    workspaces {
      name = "aztfexport-playground"
    }
  }
  required_providers {
    azurerm = {
      source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
      version = "~>3.0"
    }
  }
}
provider "azurerm" {
  features {
  }
}

Inline experience

To export to a backend inline, use the --backend-type and --backend-config options. For more information about configuring a Terraform backend, see Terraform backend configuration.

Using our Azure storage account example, you need the following as defined in the AzureRM backend documentation.

Resource group name
Storage account name
Storage container name

Pass these parameters into the command along with your backend type:

aztfexport [subcommand] --backend-type=azurerm \
                        --backend-config=resource_group_name=<resource group name> \
                        --backend-config=storage_account_name=<account name> \
                        --backend-config=container_name=<container name> \
                        --backend-config=key=terraform.tfstate

Key points:

In the previous example, I'm using the Unix line continuation character so that the code displays well in the browser. You might need to change these characters to match your command-line environment - such as PowerShell - or combine the command onto one line.
If the backend state already exists, Azure Export for Terraform merges the new resources with the existing state automatically. You don't need to specify the --append option inline.

Export Azure resources to an existing Terraform environment

Now, let's put it all together! Imagine new resources have been created outside of Terraform that need to be moved into Terraform management. To complete the section, make sure you have a backend configured. This tutorial uses the same configuration that is specified in the Azure storage remote state tutorial.

In the parent directory of where you want the temporary directory created, run the following command:
```
aztfexport resource -o tempdir --hcl-only <resource_id>
```
Key points:
- The -o flag specifies to create the directory if it doesn't exist.
- The --hcl-only flag specifies to export the configured resources to HCL
After inspecting that the resource can be appended, utilize the generated mapping file and the --append flag to ensure Azure Export respects the pre-existing remote state and provider versions within our existing environment:
```
aztfexport map --append `./tempdir/aztfexportResourceMapping.json`
```
Run terraform init.
```
terraform init --upgrade
```
Run terraform plan.
Azure Export for Terraform should display No changes needed.

Congratulations! Your infrastructure and its corresponding state have been successfully appended to your Terraform environment.

If your plan runs into issues, see Azure Export for Terraform concepts to understand limitations regarding deploying code generated by --hcl-only. If that article doesn't help you, open a GitHub issue.

Customize your query further

Some additional advanced flags are described below, with how to utilize them:

Selecting cloud environment

To specify a different environment other than public cloud, use the --env flag. For example, for US Government:

aztfexport [command] --env="usgovernment" [further options] <scope>

Changing Terraform provider version

For simpler access to a preferred AzureRM or AzAPI version, use the --provider-version flag. For example, if you were on AzAPI version 1.10.0:

aztfexport [command] --provider-name=azapi --provider-version=1.10.0 [further options] <scope>

Authentication

A variety of flags exist for managing authentication configuration. Some flags were added as late as v0.15:

--env
--tenant-id
--auxiliary-tenant-ids
--client-id
--client-id-file-path
--client-certificate
--client-certificate-path
--client-certificate-password
--client-secret
--client-secret-file-path
--oidc-request-token
--oidc-request-url
--oidc-token
--oidc-token-file-path
--use-managed-identity-cred (defaults to false)
--use-azure-cli-cred (defaults to true)
--use-oidc-cred (defaults to false)

The flags above follow the naming convention of the azurerm provider. All of the flags are configurable via environment variables as well, which includes the same environment variable defined in the azurerm provider.

aztfexport attempts to authenticate with each of the credential types, in the following order, stopping when a token is provided:

Client secret
Client certificate
OIDC
Managed identity
Azure CLI

If one or more use-xxx-cred is not true, then that credential type will be skipped. This behavior is the same as the provider.

The provider config can override any auth config from aztfexport. This makes it possible for users to use different credential types between aztfexport and the provider.

Including role assignments

If you wish to include role assignments when exporting your scope of resources, use the --include-role-assignment command:

aztfexport [command] --include-role-assignment [further options] <scope>

Next steps

Azure Export for Terraform concepts

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