Unexpected behaviour for Sharepoint and Project Server and not only
Sometimes it might happen that you run into very random issues and cannot reproduce the problem. This might happen due to the antivirus that is blocking temporary files to scan them and by this it's putting the files also in read only mode and this is most often the cause for some very strange behaviours in the Sharepoint/Project environment
- Opening of files in the client Office 2007/2010 or Project 2007/2010 may be is slow
- The SharePoint crawl of documents is impacted and search on your farm becomes slow or with unexpected results or failures.
- The Project Client is randomply failing to save and publish the proejcts or when project files are opened from a shared location-> Add *mpp and *mpt files exception for the anvirus
Certain folders may have to be excluded from antivirus scanning when you use a file-level antivirus program in SharePoint
https://support.microsoft.com/kb/952167
Also some great information regarding Antivirus software
• KB309422: Guidelines for choosing antivirus software to run on the computers that are running SQL Server https://support.microsoft.com/kb/309422?wa=wsignin1.0)
• KB250355: Antivirus software that is not cluster-aware may cause problems with Cluster Services https://support.microsoft.com/kb/250355)
• KB943620: Folders to exclude when you perform a file-level antivirus scan on a server operating system https://support.microsoft.com/kb/943620
• KB943556: Recommended file and folder exclusions for Microsoft Forefront Client Security or Forefront Endpoint Protection 2010 https://support.microsoft.com/kb/943556
Regarding the question: Are the antivirus exclusions mandatory or not?
The exclusions are not mandatory there are a great number of variables involved in this answer, this is why, it is defined as a recommendation and could spare you from a lot of trouble.
Mark Russinovich’s Blog has an in depth article on the slow opening of Project Files:
https://blogs.technet.com/b/markrussinovich/archive/2010/12/07/3373406.aspx