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>> But the font and the icon sizes are increased.
The most possible reason for this issue may be caused due to the different scale factors in Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. Although Cordova for UWP uses a WWA (native JavaScript) app, the scale factors should be the same as other apps. Based on Display Scaling in this document: Display Scaling in Windows 10, it mentions in Windows 8.1, store apps scaled to 100%, 140%, and 180%. But from this document: Icon types, locations, and scale factors, for Windows 10, it supports 100%, 125%, 150%, 200%, and 400% scale factors. So you may have used a scale factor different from win10. For example, you used 140% in windows 8.1, but windows 10 does not have the same factor, then it may scale to 150%. So in that case, you may need to adjust the sizes of the app by yourself.
Thank you.