@Chadwick Jerington, Thanks for posting in Q&A. For Microsoft Entra joined device, it can allow any Microsoft Entra user to login. From the information you provided, I know global administrator can login successfully. But the user UPN can't login with "password incorrect error". I think the issue is with the user account.
To double confirm with this, please login the affected user account to Intune portal or Microsoft Entra portal to see if it will get the same error.
If it is failed, then please check the following information:
1, Check Account Synchronization: Ensure that the user account is properly synchronized between your on-premises AD and Entra ID. Sometimes, synchronization issues can cause login problems. You can verify this by checking the synchronization status in Azure AD Connect.
2, Check Password Hash Synchronization: Make sure that password hash synchronization is enabled and functioning correctly. If the password hashes are not synchronized, the user might not be able to log in
3, ADFS Configuration: Since you're using ADFS for federation, ensure that the ADFS configuration is correct and that the user account is allowed to authenticate via ADFS. Sometimes, issues with ADFS can cause login problems.
4, Account Lockout: Ensure that the user account is not locked out. This can happen if there are multiple failed login attempts
Please check the above information and if there's any update, feel free to let us know.
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