Hi,
There is no impact on performance. Backups are done via snapshots:
"As part of the backup process, a snapshot is taken, and the data is transferred to the Recovery Services vault with no impact on production workloads. The snapshot provides different levels of consistency, as described here. You can opt for an agent-based application-consistent/file-consistent backup or an agentless crash-consistent backup in the backup policy."
An overview of Azure VM backup
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