I would go for preprocessing your files first where you identify column grouping for each table and determine the primary key or identifier that links these tables.
In ADF, you create a Delimited Text Dataset for your CSV file and define the schema manually or import the first row as headers.
Then create a new Data Flow where you add a Source transformation and link it to the CSV dataset.
Add multiple Select transformations to extract different column sets for each table.
- First Table: Select col1, col2, col3
- Second Table: Select col1, col2, col4
- Third Table: Select col1, col2, col5
Then you need a sink transformation for each table and configure the Azure SQL Database as the destination and don't forget to enable Auto Create Table or define the schema in SQL beforehand.