After updating to Windows 11 24H2, I encountered the same issue as you. I read https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/10872 and found the simplest solution: go to https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/releases/tag/2.4.8, download the corresponding installation package, install it, and then restart Explorer.
I found an even simpler solution: just run wsl --update
in PowerShell. This eliminates the need to manually download and install WSL.