@Michael Schmidt You could try running the samples from azureml-examples repo.
There are many scenarios and notebooks with sample data that could give you good understanding of running ML jobs with azure with sample data. If you have your own sample datasets, you can replace them in the samples or modify the dataset and re-run the notebooks to understand the metrics and how they deviate if you change the data.
For example, this notebook is using data from its data folder and if you update the parquet file in test or train with your own data you should be able to check the deviation.
The notebook as is provides good explanation of how to analyze the graphs and what could be done to get better results.
I hope this helps!! Thanks!!
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