Azure ExpressRoute is not using regular internet connections - instead, it uses dedicated private network connections between your on-premises infrastructure and Microsoft Azure data centers. This means:
- It uses dedicated fiber optic cables through connectivity providers. Either point-to-point ethernet connections or connections through an existing enterprise WAN network
- The physical infrastructure is completely separate from the public internet
- Lower latency since it's a direct path also with better security
Colloquially, It is like private highway between your location and the data center, while regular internet connectivity is like taking public roads.
This is well explained here:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/expressroute/expressroute-introduction
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Regards,
Abiola