Hello @Marcus Ohlhauser ,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A forum.
Except the log file, does error message(maybe from a pop-up error window) show other information, for example, directory or the name of the GUID like {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx}?
Probably, the information like GUID of old version of the Visual C++ redistributable packages still exist in the system/registry. If you can find the GUID information which I mentioned above, you can try to search it in the registry(search and open Registry editor from Windows Search box, click Edit, Find, type the GUID and click Find Next button).
Though, correctly finding that specific registry key, renaming or deleting that registry key should work, modifying the Windows Registry keys needs to be careful enough(How to back up and restore the registry in Windows).
I don’t recommend manually modifying the registry keys, if you can use some tools that’s better. The troubleshooter tool is one of these tools, it helps uninstall/install programs and fix registry keys. You can consider posting a new ticket on Windows Community and see if there are other useful tools from/for Windows/registry.
Besides, you can try to download and use Process Monitor to check the processes and the error records, especially when you are installing the Visual C++ redistributable packages. You may get the GUID and more information about the error/processes.
BTW, please kindly try to open CMD as admin and run DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
command, after it finishes running, run sfc /scannow
to fix any corrupted system files. Also please have a try to update Windows OS and make sure that there’s no Windows update error.
Best Regards,
Tianyu
If the answer is the right solution, please click "Accept Answer" and kindly upvote it. If you have extra questions about this answer, please click "Comment".
Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread.