All is working now.
Having user try some other office documents in the same location, such as a .docx file, he received a new error which stated Word could not create the work file. Check the temp environment variable
I applied the following fixes to get all .xlsx, .pptx, an .docx working without problem.
Renamed the following Registry keys
HKCR\CLSID{84F66100-FF7C-4fb4-B0C0-02CD7FB668FE}
HKCR\CLSID{65235197-874B-4A07-BDC5-E65EA825B718}
HKCR\CLSID{00020827-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}
Replaced the file:
%appdata%\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dotm
In command prompt as an administrator:
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attrib -s -h C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\iNetCache
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attrib +h C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\iNetCache
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attrib -s -h C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\iNetCache\Content.Word
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attrib +h C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\iNetCache\Content.Word
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attrib -s -h C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\iNetCache\Content.Office
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attrib +h C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\iNetCache\Content.Office