I wouldn't advise relying on the Designer in Visual Studio 2022. The designer hasn't been worked on in years. It's a waste of time to even attempt to use it.
Install Android Studio and then do all your xml work with that. Then Copy and Paste back to the xml file in VS2022. Or even better, use Beyond Compare to open both files simultaneously and push the Android xml to the VS2022 xml.
You should also be using Theme.Material3.Light.NoActionBar, not Theme.MaterialComponents. etc as that is now out of date.
If you want to see how theming is done for, say, Android 10-14. Take a look at my examples at https://github.com/gmck.