@Isaiah Heitzman, Thanks for posting in Q&A.
From your description, I know you are looking for a way to re-enroll IOS devices into Intune without passcode after device offline for a long time and cause device fall off from Intune.
For the issue, there may be device clean up rule in Intune that will automatically clean the inactive device for a long time, please check it in Intune, also, please check whether the Apple MDM certificate is active and exist in Microsoft Entra portal, If both of them are yes, you can view the primary user of the device and follow the link below to re-enroll it back.
https://call4cloud.nl/2020/05/intune-auto-mdm-enrollment-for-devices-already-azure-ad-joined/
https://call4cloud.nl/2022/10/intune-sync-debug-tool-the-last-royal-treasure/
Non-official, just for reference.
If no, once an iOS device has been removed from Intune and you do not have the passcode, the only way to re-enroll it is a factory reset (if using ABM/ADE) or manually setting it up again.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/fundamentals/deployment-guide-enrollment-ios-ipados
Please try above information, if there is any update, feel free to contact us.
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