Hello @Wes Kennedy ,
welcome to this moderated Azure community forum.
Yes, if you take a possible outage of the cluster for granted, you can use an Azure Data Explorer cluster having only one (dev/test) node due to the lack of an SLA (for which you need at least two nodes where the dev/test version can have only one node).
You cannot resize it to two nodes if needed. This can only be done when you first upgrade the size of your dev/test version to a production sized cluster.
Be aware that switch to a production version of the cluster will involve paying the regular markup costs (additional features next to the cluster like fast data ingestion, caching, querying and manageability capability). Markup us free while using the dev/test version.
I have seen a dev/test version in production with startups and I am not aware of any outage problems. So if you are willing to take the risk (ingestion can be postponed when the cluster is down, the amount of compute offered is sufficient, and querying or data access can be delayed) you have a cost effective timeseries database.
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