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If you want to change the color of Arrow in the ComboBox, you can try to modify the default style of ComboBox. You can right-Click on your ComboBox from the visual designer, then click on Edit Template -> Edit a copy. This will create the default template for the ComboBox . In the style, you will find the following line:
<FontIcon x:Name="DropDownGlyph" AutomationProperties.AccessibilityView="Raw" Grid.Column="1" FontFamily="{ThemeResource SymbolThemeFontFamily}" Foreground="{ThemeResource ComboBoxDropDownGlyphForeground}" FontSize="12" Glyph="" HorizontalAlignment="Right" IsHitTestVisible="False" Margin="0,10,10,10" Grid.Row="1" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
This FontIcon which named DropDownGlyph represents the Arrow and its Foreground is set as {ThemeResource ComboBoxDropDownGlyphForeground}, so you can change the Foreground to the color you want(e.g. Foreground="Red"). In addition, in the Focused VisualState, when the ComboBox gets focus, it will set the Foreground of DropDownGlyph as {ThemeResource ComboBoxDropDownGlyphForegroundFocused}, you also need to change its Foreground setting in the style, for example:
<VisualState x:Name="Focused">
<Storyboard>
......
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="DropDownGlyph" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Red"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
Or you can override these theme brushes resources used by ComboBox.
<Page.Resources>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ComboBoxDropDownGlyphForeground" Color="Red" />
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ComboBoxDropDownGlyphForegroundFocused" Color="Red" />
</Page.Resources>