@Takuya Katsura(桂拓也), Thanks for posting in Q&A. For your questions, here are my answers:
Q1: I am currently registered with Intune on a Sofbank device, and when I switch to docomo via MNP, can I register with Intune first without opening a SIM card?
A1: Yes, you can enroll your device with Intune without needing to open a SIM card. Intune enrollment primarily relies on the device's internet connection, which can be through Wi-Fi
Q2: If I can register my device first, will I be able to get a phone number on the management screen?
A2: When you enroll a device without a SIM card, the phone number will not be displayed on the Intune management screen. This is because the phone number is typically associated with the SIM card.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/remote-actions/device-inventory
Q3: I am aware that I can register with Intune without opening the SIM card. Is there any problem for the administrator in the process of opening the SIM card after registering with Intune?
A3: There should be no significant issues for the administrator when you insert a SIM card after registering the device with Intune. The device will update its information,
Hope the above information can help.
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