If your Windows 11 desktop has gone blank, showing only the background image while the taskbar remains functional, this issue may be related to the Windows logon process failing to spawn a user application. This can occur if the membership of the local Users group has been altered from its default settings.
To troubleshoot this issue, you can try rebooting your computer and booting into Safe Mode with Networking to see if your normal desktop appears. If it does, this indicates that the problem may be linked to user permissions or group settings.
You might also consider clearing the icon cache or re-registering the Shell Experience Host, as these steps can help resolve display issues on the desktop.
References: