Tutorial: Use dynamic configuration in Python

The Azure App Configuration Python provider includes built-in caching and refreshing capabilities. This tutorial shows how to enable dynamic configuration in Python applications.

Prerequisites

• An Azure account with an active subscription. Create one for free.
• An Azure App Configuration store. Create a store.
• Python 3.8 or later - for information on setting up Python on Windows, see the Python on Windows documentation

Add key-values

Add the following key-value to your Azure App Configuration store. For more information about how to add key-values to a store using the Azure portal or the CLI, go to Create a key-value.

Key	Value	Label	Content type
message	Hello World!	Leave empty	Leave empty
sentinel	1	Leave empty	Leave empty

Note

A sentinel key is a key that you update after you complete the change of all other keys. Your app monitors the sentinel key. When a change is detected, your app refreshes all configuration values. This approach helps to ensure the consistency of configuration in your app and reduces the overall number of requests made to your Azure App Configuration store, compared to monitoring all keys for changes.

Console applications

1. Create a new Python file named app.py and add the following code:

   Microsoft Entra ID (recommended)

   You use the DefaultAzureCredential to authenticate to your App Configuration store. Follow the instructions to assign your credential the App Configuration Data Reader role. Be sure to allow sufficient time for the permission to propagate before running your application.

   from azure.appconfiguration.provider import load, WatchKey
   from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
   import os
   import time
   
   endpoint = os.environ.get("APPCONFIGURATION_ENDPOINT")
   
   # Connecting to Azure App Configuration using connection string
   # Setting up to refresh when the Sentinel key is changed.
   config = load(
       endpoint=endpoint,
       credential=DefaultAzureCredential(),
       refresh_on=[WatchKey("sentinel")],
       refresh_interval=10, # Default value is 30 seconds, shorted for this sample
   )
   
   print("Update the `message` in your Azure App Configuration store using Azure portal or CLI.")
   print("First, update the `message` value, and then update the `sentinel` key value.")
   
   while (True):
       # Refreshing the configuration setting
       config.refresh()
   
       # Current value of message
       print(config["message"])
   
       # Waiting before the next refresh
       time.sleep(5)
   

   Connection string

   from azure.appconfiguration.provider import load, WatchKey
   import os
   import time
   
   connection_string = os.environ.get("APPCONFIGURATION_CONNECTION_STRING")
   
   # Connecting to Azure App Configuration using connection string
   # Setting up to refresh when the Sentinel key is changed.
   config = load(
       connection_string=connection_string,
       refresh_on=[WatchKey("sentinel")],
       refresh_interval=10, # Default value is 30 seconds, shorted for this sample
   )
   
   print("Update the `message` in your Azure App Configuration store using Azure portal or CLI.")
   print("First, update the `message` value, and then update the `sentinel` key value.")
   
   while (True):
       # Refreshing the configuration setting
       config.refresh()
   
       # Current value of message
       print(config["message"])
   
       # Waiting before the next refresh
       time.sleep(5)
   

2. Run your script:

   python app.py
   

3. Verify Output:

   Update the `message` in your Azure App Configuration store using Azure portal or CLI.
   First, update the `message` value, and then update the `sentinel` key value.
   Hello World!
   

4. Update the following key-values to the Azure App Configuration store.

   Key	Value	Label	Content type
   message	Hello World Refreshed!	Leave empty	Leave empty
   sentinel	2	Leave empty	Leave empty

5. Once the values have been updated the updated value will print out when the refresh interval has passed.

   Hello World Refreshed!
   

Web applications

The following example shows how to update an existing web application to use refreshable configuration values. A callback can be supplied to the on_refresh_success keyword argument of the load function. This callback will be invoked when a configuration change is detected on the server, and it can be used to update the configuration values in the application.

Flask

In app.py, set up Azure App Configuration to load your configuration values. Then update your endpoints to check for updated configuration values.

from azure.appconfiguration.provider import load, WatchKey
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

azure_app_config = None  # declare azure_app_config as a global variable

def on_refresh_success():
   app.config.update(azure_app_config)


global azure_app_config
azure_app_config = load(endpoint=os.environ.get("AZURE_APPCONFIG_ENDPOINT"),
                        credential=DefaultAzureCredential(),
                        refresh_on=[WatchKey("sentinel")],
                        on_refresh_success=on_refresh_success,
                        refresh_interval=10, # Default value is 30 seconds, shortened for this sample
                    )




@app.route("/")
def index():
    global azure_app_config
    # Refresh the configuration from Azure App Configuration service.
    azure_app_config.refresh()

    # Access a configuration setting directly from within Flask configuration
    print("Request for index page received")
    context = {}
    context["message"] = app.config.get("message")
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

Update your template index.html to use the new configuration values.

<!doctype html>
<head>
  <title>Hello Azure App Configuration - Python Flask Example</title>
</head>
<html>

<body>
  <main>
    <div>
      <h1>{{message}}</h1>
    </div>
  </main>
</body>
</html>

You can find a full sample project here.

Django

Set up Azure App Configuration in your Django settings file, settings.py.

def on_refresh_success():
   app.config.update(azure_app_config)

AZURE_APPCONFIGURATION = load(
        connection_string=os.environ.get(endpoint=os.environ.get("AZURE_APPCONFIG_ENDPOINT"),
         credential=DefaultAzureCredential(),
        refresh_on=[WatchKey("sentinel")],
        on_refresh_success=on_refresh_success,
        refresh_interval=10, # Default value is 30 seconds, shortened for this sample
    )

You can reference the Azure App Configuration object created in Django settings from views. Call refresh() to check for configuration updates in each Django view before accessing configuration settings. For example, in views.py:

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.conf import settings

def index(request):
    # Refresh the configuration from Azure App Configuration.
    settings.AZURE_APPCONFIGURATION.refresh()

    # Once this returns AZURE_APPCONFIGURATION will be updated with the latest values
    context = {
      "message": settings.AZURE_APPCONFIGURATION.get('message')
    }
    return render(request, 'hello_azure/index.html', context)

Update your template index.html to use the new configuration values.

{% load static %}
<!doctype html>

<head>
  <title>Hello Azure - Python Django Example</title>
</head>
<html>

<body>
  <main>
    <div>
      <h1>{{message}}</h1>
    </div>
  </main>
</body>

</html>

You can find a full sample project here.

Whenever these endpoints are triggered, a refresh check can be performed to ensure the latest configuration values are used. The check can return immediately if the refresh interval has not passed or a refresh is already in progress.

When a refresh is complete all values are updated at once, so the configuration is always consistent within the object.

NOTE: If the refresh interval hasn't passed, then the refresh won't be attempted and returned right away.

Next steps

In this tutorial, you enabled your Python app to dynamically refresh configuration settings from Azure App Configuration. To learn how to use an Azure managed identity to streamline the access to Azure App Configuration, continue to the next tutorial.

Managed identity integration