Hello, @John Peter,
Welcome to the Microsoft Q&A platform!
When emails from outside the company aren’t coming through, there are several possible reasons. Here are some steps you can follow to troubleshoot the issue:
1.Please ask if the sender has received any non-delivery report (NDR), if so, please let him save as file then use other ways to send it to you.
2.There may be something wrong with your MX records. If your MX records is not correct, all external messages won't be able to find correct address, so you can’t receive any email outside your organization.
3.Go to Exchange Admin Center (EAC)->mail flow->message trace to track this message. If you find the results of the email.
4.Check if the option “Require that all senders are authenticated” is unchecked in your mailbox settings.
5.Check your Junk folder in Outlook and disable Offline Mode in Outlook.
6.Try accessing your emails through the Outlook web app to see if the issue persists there. This can help determine if the problem is with the desktop client
7.Firewalls or security settings can block external emails. Check with your IT department to ensure there are no restrictions on receiving external emails.
8.Verify that the senders are not on your blocked list. You can find this in your email settings under "Blocked Senders".
There is a helpful article that you may follow as well: Can't send or receive email in Outlook.com - Microsoft Support.
Should you need more help on this, you can feel free to post back.
If the answer is helpful, please click on “Accept answer” as it could help other members of the Microsoft Q&A community who have similar questions and are looking for solutions.
Thank you for your support and understanding.
Best Wishes,
Alex Zhang