You can send an adaptive card through Microsoft Graph API in a specified Teams channel. Following is an example of the request - using this you can create a new chatMessage in the specified channel.
POST https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/teams/{id}/channels/{id}/messages
Content-type: application/json
{
"subject": null,
"body": {
"contentType": "html",
"content": "<attachment id=\"74d20c7f34aa4a7fb74e2b30004247c5\"></attachment>"
},
"attachments": [
{
"id": "74d20c7f34aa4a7fb74e2b30004247c5",
"contentType": "application/vnd.microsoft.card.thumbnail",
"contentUrl": null,
"content": "{\r\n \"title\": \"This is an example of posting a card\",\r\n \"subtitle\": \"<h3>This is the subtitle</h3>\",\r\n \"text\": \"Here is some body text. <br>\\r\\nAnd a <a href=\\\"http://microsoft.com/\\\">hyperlink</a>. <br>\\r\\nAnd below that is some buttons:\",\r\n \"buttons\": [\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"messageBack\",\r\n \"title\": \"Login to FakeBot\",\r\n \"text\": \"login\",\r\n \"displayText\": \"login\",\r\n \"value\": \"login\"\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n}",
"name": null,
"thumbnailUrl": null
}
]
}