ALTER SEQUENCE (Transact-SQL)

Άρθρο
12/29/2022

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance

Modifies the arguments of an existing sequence object. If the sequence was created with the CACHE option, altering the sequence will recreate the cache.

Sequences objects are created by using the CREATE SEQUENCE statement. Sequences are integer values and can be of any data type that returns an integer. The data type cannot be changed by using the ALTER SEQUENCE statement. To change the data type, drop and create the sequence object.

A sequence is a user-defined schema bound object that generates a sequence of numeric values according to a specification. New values are generated from a sequence by calling the NEXT VALUE FOR function. Use sp_sequence_get_range to get multiple sequence numbers at once. For information and scenarios that use both CREATE SEQUENCE, sp_sequence_get_range, and the NEXT VALUE FOR function, see Sequence Numbers.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

ALTER SEQUENCE [schema_name. ] sequence_name  
    [ RESTART [ WITH <constant> ] ]  
    [ INCREMENT BY <constant> ]  
    [ { MINVALUE <constant> } | { NO MINVALUE } ]  
    [ { MAXVALUE <constant> } | { NO MAXVALUE } ]  
    [ CYCLE | { NO CYCLE } ]  
    [ { CACHE [ <constant> ] } | { NO CACHE } ]  
    [ ; ]

Arguments

sequence_name
Specifies the unique name by which the sequence is known in the database. Type is sysname.

RESTART [ WITH <constant> ]
The next value that will be returned by the sequence object. If provided, the RESTART WITH value must be an integer that is less than or equal to the maximum and greater than or equal to the minimum value of the sequence object. If the WITH value is omitted, the sequence numbering restarts based on the original CREATE SEQUENCE options.

INCREMENT BY <constant>
The value that is used to increment (or decrement if negative) the sequence object's base value for each call to the NEXT VALUE FOR function. If the increment is a negative value the sequence object is descending, otherwise, it is ascending. The increment can not be 0.

[ MINVALUE <constant> | NO MINVALUE ]
Specifies the bounds for sequence object. If NO MINVALUE is specified, the minimum possible value of the sequence data type is used.

[ MAXVALUE <constant> | NO MAXVALUE
Specifies the bounds for sequence object. If NO MAXVALUE is specified, the maximum possible value of the sequence data type is used.

[ CYCLE | NO CYCLE ]
This property specifies whether the sequence object should restart from the minimum value (or maximum for descending sequence objects) or throw an exception when its minimum or maximum value is exceeded.

Note

After cycling the next value is the minimum or maximum value, not the START VALUE of the sequence.

[ CACHE [<constant> ] | NO CACHE ]
Increases performance for applications that use sequence objects by minimizing the number of IOs that are required to persist generated values to the system tables.

For more information about the behavior of the cache, see CREATE SEQUENCE (Transact-SQL).

Remarks

For information about how sequences are created and how the sequence cache is managed, see CREATE SEQUENCE (Transact-SQL).

The MINVALUE for ascending sequences and the MAXVALUE for descending sequences cannot be altered to a value that does not permit the START WITH value of the sequence. To change the MINVALUE of an ascending sequence to a number larger than the START WITH value or to change the MAXVALUE of a descending sequence to a number smaller than the START WITH value, include the RESTART WITH argument to restart the sequence at a desired point that falls within the minimum and maximum range.

Metadata

For information about sequences, query sys.sequences.

Security

Permissions

Requires ALTER permission on the sequence or ALTER permission on the schema. To grant ALTER permission on the sequence, use ALTER ON OBJECT in the following format:

GRANT ALTER ON OBJECT::Test.TinySeq TO [AdventureWorks\Larry]

The ownership of a sequence object can be transferred by using the ALTER AUTHORIZATION statement.

Audit

To audit ALTER SEQUENCE, monitor the SCHEMA_OBJECT_CHANGE_GROUP.

Examples

For examples of both creating sequences and using the NEXT VALUE FOR function to generate sequence numbers, see Sequence Numbers.

A. Altering a sequence

The following example creates a schema named Test and a sequence named TestSeq using the int data type, having a range from 100 to 200. The sequence starts with 125 and increments by 25 every time that a number is generated. Because the sequence is configure to cycle, when the value exceeds the maximum value of 200, the sequence restarts at the minimum value of 100.

CREATE SCHEMA Test ;  
GO  
  
CREATE SEQUENCE Test.TestSeq  
    AS int   
    START WITH 125  
    INCREMENT BY 25  
    MINVALUE 100  
    MAXVALUE 200  
    CYCLE  
    CACHE 3  
;  
GO

The following example alters the TestSeq sequence to have a range from 50 to 200. The sequence restarts the numbering series with 100 and increments by 50 every time that a number is generated.

ALTER SEQUENCE Test. TestSeq  
    RESTART WITH 100  
    INCREMENT BY 50  
    MINVALUE 50  
    MAXVALUE 200  
    NO CYCLE  
    NO CACHE  
;  
GO

Because the sequence will not cycle, the NEXT VALUE FOR function will result in an error when the sequence exceeds 200.

B. Restarting a sequence

The following example creates a sequence named CountBy1. The sequence uses the default values.

CREATE SEQUENCE Test.CountBy1 ;

To generate a sequence value, the owner then executes the following statement:

SELECT NEXT VALUE FOR Test.CountBy1

The value returned of -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 is the lowest possible value for the bigint data type. The owner realizes they wanted the sequence to start with 1, but did not indicate the START WITH clause when they created the sequence. To correct this error, the owner executes the following statement.

ALTER SEQUENCE Test.CountBy1 RESTART WITH 1 ;

Then the owner executes the following statement again to generate a sequence number.

SELECT NEXT VALUE FOR Test.CountBy1;

The number is now 1, as expected.

The CountBy1 sequence was created using the default value of NO CYCLE so it will stop operating after generating number 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. Subsequent calls to the sequence object will return error 11728. The following statement changes the sequence object to cycle and sets a cache of 20.

ALTER SEQUENCE Test.CountBy1  
    CYCLE  
    CACHE 20 ;

Now when the sequence object reaches 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 it will cycle, and the next number after cycling will be the minimum of the data type, -9,223,372,036,854,775,808.

The owner realized that the bigint data type uses 8 bytes each time it is used. The int data type that uses 4 bytes is sufficient. However the data type of a sequence object cannot be altered. To change to an int data type, the owner must drop the sequence object and recreate the object with the correct data type.

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