Math Functions (Visual Basic)
The methods of the System.Math class provide trigonometric, logarithmic, and other common mathematical functions.
Remarks
The following table lists methods of the System.Math class. You can use these in a Visual Basic program:
| .NET method | Description |
|---|---|
| Abs | Returns the absolute value of a number. |
| Acos | Returns the angle whose cosine is the specified number. |
| Asin | Returns the angle whose sine is the specified number. |
| Atan | Returns the angle whose tangent is the specified number. |
| Atan2 | Returns the angle whose tangent is the quotient of two specified numbers. |
| BigMul | Returns the full product of two 32-bit numbers. |
| Ceiling | Returns the smallest integral value that's greater than or equal to the specified Decimal or Double. |
| Cos | Returns the cosine of the specified angle. |
| Cosh | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the specified angle. |
| DivRem | Returns the quotient of two 32-bit or 64-bit signed integers, and also returns the remainder in an output parameter. |
| Exp | Returns e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the specified power. |
| Floor | Returns the largest integer that's less than or equal to the specified Decimal or Double number. |
| IEEERemainder | Returns the remainder that results from the division of a specified number by another specified number. |
| Log | Returns the natural (base e) logarithm of a specified number or the logarithm of a specified number in a specified base. |
| Log10 | Returns the base 10 logarithm of a specified number. |
| Max | Returns the larger of two numbers. |
| Min | Returns the smaller of two numbers. |
| Pow | Returns a specified number raised to the specified power. |
| Round | Returns a Decimal or Double value rounded to the nearest integral value or to a specified number of fractional digits. |
| Sign | Returns an Integer value indicating the sign of a number. |
| Sin | Returns the sine of the specified angle. |
| Sinh | Returns the hyperbolic sine of the specified angle. |
| Sqrt | Returns the square root of a specified number. |
| Tan | Returns the tangent of the specified angle. |
| Tanh | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the specified angle. |
| Truncate | Calculates the integral part of a specified Decimal or Double number. |
The following table lists methods of the System.Math class that don't exist in .NET Framework but are added in .NET Standard or .NET Core:
| .NET method | Description | Available in |
|---|---|---|
| Acosh | Returns the angle whose hyperbolic cosine is the specified number. | Starting with .NET Core 2.1 and .NET Standard 2.1 |
| Asinh | Returns the angle whose hyperbolic sine is the specified number. | Starting with .NET Core 2.1 and .NET Standard 2.1 |
| Atanh | Returns the angle whose hyperbolic tangent is the specified number. | Starting with .NET Core 2.1 and .NET Standard 2.1 |
| BitDecrement | Returns the next smallest value that compares less than x. |
Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| BitIncrement | Returns the next largest value that compares greater than x. |
Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| Cbrt | Returns the cube root of a specified number. | Starting with .NET Core 2.1 and .NET Standard 2.1 |
| Clamp | Returns value clamped to the inclusive range of min and max. |
Starting with .NET Core 2.0 and .NET Standard 2.1 |
| CopySign | Returns a value with the magnitude of x and the sign of y. |
Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| FusedMultiplyAdd | Returns (x * y) + z, rounded as one ternary operation. | Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| ILogB | Returns the base 2 integer logarithm of a specified number. | Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| Log2 | Returns the base 2 logarithm of a specified number. | Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| MaxMagnitude | Returns the larger magnitude of two double-precision floating-point numbers. | Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| MinMagnitude | Returns the smaller magnitude of two double-precision floating-point numbers. | Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
| ScaleB | Returns x * 2^n computed efficiently. | Starting with .NET Core 3.0 |
To use these functions without qualification, import the System.Math namespace into your project by adding the following code to the top of your source file:
Imports System.Math
Example - Abs
This example uses the Abs method of the Math class to compute the absolute value of a number.
Dim x As Double = Math.Abs(50.3)
Dim y As Double = Math.Abs(-50.3)
Console.WriteLine(x)
Console.WriteLine(y)
' This example produces the following output:
' 50.3
' 50.3
Example - Atan
This example uses the Atan method of the Math class to calculate the value of pi.
Public Function GetPi() As Double
' Calculate the value of pi.
Return 4.0 * Math.Atan(1.0)
End Function
Note
The System.Math class contains Math.PI constant field. You can use it rather than calculating it.
Example - Cos
This example uses the Cos method of the Math class to return the cosine of an angle.
Public Function Sec(angle As Double) As Double
' Calculate the secant of angle, in radians.
Return 1.0 / Math.Cos(angle)
End Function
Example - Exp
This example uses the Exp method of the Math class to return e raised to a power.
Public Function Sinh(angle As Double) As Double
' Calculate hyperbolic sine of an angle, in radians.
Return (Math.Exp(angle) - Math.Exp(-angle)) / 2.0
End Function
Example - Log
This example uses the Log method of the Math class to return the natural logarithm of a number.
Public Function Asinh(value As Double) As Double
' Calculate inverse hyperbolic sine, in radians.
Return Math.Log(value + Math.Sqrt(value * value + 1.0))
End Function
Example - Round
This example uses the Round method of the Math class to round a number to the nearest integer.
Dim myVar2 As Double = Math.Round(2.8)
Console.WriteLine(myVar2)
' The code produces the following output:
' 3
Example - Sign
This example uses the Sign method of the Math class to determine the sign of a number.
Dim mySign1 As Integer = Math.Sign(12)
Dim mySign2 As Integer = Math.Sign(-2.4)
Dim mySign3 As Integer = Math.Sign(0)
Console.WriteLine(mySign1)
Console.WriteLine(mySign2)
Console.WriteLine(mySign3)
' The code produces the following output:
' 1
' -1
' 0
Example - Sin
This example uses the Sin method of the Math class to return the sine of an angle.
Public Function Csc(angle As Double) As Double
' Calculate cosecant of an angle, in radians.
Return 1.0 / Math.Sin(angle)
End Function
Example - Sqrt
This example uses the Sqrt method of the Math class to calculate the square root of a number.
Dim mySqrt1 As Double = Math.Sqrt(4)
Dim mySqrt2 As Double = Math.Sqrt(23)
Dim mySqrt3 As Double = Math.Sqrt(0)
Dim mySqrt4 As Double = Math.Sqrt(-4)
Console.WriteLine(mySqrt1)
Console.WriteLine(mySqrt2)
Console.WriteLine(mySqrt3)
Console.WriteLine(mySqrt4)
' The code produces the following output:
' 2
' 4.79583152331272
' 0
' NaN
Example - Tan
This example uses the Tan method of the Math class to return the tangent of an angle.
Public Function Ctan(angle As Double) As Double
' Calculate cotangent of an angle, in radians.
Return 1.0 / Math.Tan(angle)
End Function
