How to: Set the ProtectionLevel Property

You can set the protection level by applying an appropriate attribute and setting the property. You can set protection at the service level to affect all parts of every message, or you can set protection at increasingly granular levels, from methods to message parts. For more information about the ProtectionLevel property, see Understanding Protection Level.

Note

You can set protection levels only in code, not in configuration.

To sign all messages for a service

1. Create an interface for the service.

2. Apply the ServiceContractAttribute attribute to the service and set the ProtectionLevel property to Sign, as shown in the following code (the default level is EncryptAndSign).

   // Set the ProtectionLevel on the whole service to Sign.
   [ServiceContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Sign)]
   public interface ICalculator
   

   ' Set the ProtectionLevel on the whole service to Sign.
   <ServiceContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.Sign)> _
   Public Interface ICalculator
   

To sign all message parts for an operation

1. Create an interface for the service and apply the ServiceContractAttribute attribute to the interface.

2. Add a method declaration to the interface.

3. Apply the OperationContractAttribute attribute to the method, and set the ProtectionLevel property to Sign, as shown in the following code.

   // Set the ProtectionLevel on the whole service to Sign.
   [ServiceContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Sign)]
   public interface ICalculator
   {
       // Set the ProtectionLevel on this operation to None.
       [OperationContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Sign)]
       double Add(double a, double b);
   }
   

   ' Set the ProtectionLevel on the whole service to Sign.
   <ServiceContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.Sign)> _
   Public Interface ICalculator
   
       ' Set the ProtectionLevel on this operation to Sign.
       <OperationContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.Sign)> _
       Function Add(ByVal a As Double, ByVal b As Double) As Double
   End Interface
   

Protecting Fault Messages

Exceptions that are thrown on a service can be sent to a client as SOAP faults. For more information about creating strongly typed faults, see Specifying and Handling Faults in Contracts and Services and How to: Declare Faults in Service Contracts.

To protect a fault message

1. Create a type that represents the fault message. The following example creates a class named MathFault with two fields.

2. Apply the DataContractAttribute attribute to the type and a DataMemberAttribute attribute to each field that should be serialized, as shown in the following code.

   [DataContract]
   public class MathFault
   {
       [DataMember]
       public string operation;
       [DataMember]
       public string description;
   }
   

   <DataContract()> _
   Public Class MathFault
       <DataMember()> _
       Public operation As String
       <DataMember()> _
       Public description As String
   End Class
   

3. In the interface that will return the fault, apply the FaultContractAttribute attribute to the method that will return the fault and set the detailType parameter to the type of the fault class.

4. Also in the constructor, set the ProtectionLevel property to EncryptAndSign, as shown in the following code.

   public interface ICalculator
   {
       // Set the ProtectionLevel on a FaultContractAttribute.
       [OperationContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
       [FaultContract(
           typeof(MathFault),
           Action = @"http://localhost/Add",
           Name = "AddFault",
           Namespace = "http://contoso.com",
           ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
       double Add(double a, double b);
   }
   

   Public Interface ICalculator
       ' Set the ProtectionLevel on a FaultContractAttribute.
       <OperationContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign), _
        FaultContract(GetType(MathFault), ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
       Function Add(ByVal a As Double, ByVal b As Double) As Double
   End Interface
   

Protecting Message Parts

Use a message contract to protect parts of a message. For more information about message contracts, see Using Message Contracts.

To protect a message body

1. Create a type that represents the message. The following example creates a Company class with two fields, CompanyName and CompanyID.

2. Apply the MessageContractAttribute attribute to the class and set the ProtectionLevel property to EncryptAndSign.

3. Apply the MessageHeaderAttribute attribute to a field that will be expressed as a message header and set the ProtectionLevel property to EncryptAndSign.

4. Apply the MessageBodyMemberAttribute to any field that will be expressed as part of the message body, and set the ProtectionLevel property to EncryptAndSign, as shown in the following example.

   [MessageContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
   public class Company
   {
       [MessageHeader(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Sign)]
       public string CompanyName;
   
       [MessageBodyMember(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
       public string CompanyID;
   }
   

   <MessageContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
   Public Class Company
       <MessageHeader(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.Sign)> _
       Public CompanyName As String
   
       <MessageBodyMember(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
       Public CompanyID As String
   End Class
   

Example

The following example sets the ProtectionLevel property of several attribute classes at various places in a service.

[ServiceContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
public interface ICalculator
{
    [OperationContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Sign)]
    double Add(double a, double b);

    [OperationContract()]
    [FaultContract(typeof(MathFault),
        ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
    double Subtract(double a, double b);

    [OperationContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
    Company GetCompanyInfo();
}

[DataContract]
public class MathFault
{
    [DataMember]
    public string operation;
    [DataMember]
    public string description;
}

[MessageContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
public class Company
{
    [MessageHeader(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Sign)]
    public string CompanyName;

    [MessageBodyMember(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
    public string CompanyID;
}

[MessageContract(ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.Sign)]
public class Calculator : ICalculator
{
    public double Add(double a, double b)
    {
        return a + b;
    }

    public double Subtract(double a, double b)
    {
        return a - b;
    }

    public Company GetCompanyInfo()
    {
        Company co = new Company();
        co.CompanyName = "www.cohowinery.com";
        return co;
    }
}

public class Test
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Test t = new Test();
        try
        {
            t.Run();
        }
        catch (System.InvalidOperationException inv)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(inv.Message);
        }
    }

    private void Run()
    {
        // Create a binding and set the security mode to Message.
        WSHttpBinding b = new WSHttpBinding();
        b.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Message;

        Type contractType = typeof(ICalculator);
        Type implementedContract = typeof(Calculator);
        Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8044/base");

        // Create the ServiceHost and add an endpoint.
        ServiceHost sh = new ServiceHost(implementedContract, baseAddress);
        sh.AddServiceEndpoint(contractType, b, "Calculator");

        ServiceMetadataBehavior sm = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
        sm.HttpGetEnabled = true;
        sh.Description.Behaviors.Add(sm);
        sh.Credentials.ServiceCertificate.SetCertificate(
            StoreLocation.CurrentUser,
            StoreName.My,
            X509FindType.FindByIssuerName,
            "ValidCertificateIssuer");

        foreach (ServiceEndpoint se in sh.Description.Endpoints)
        {
            ContractDescription cd = se.Contract;
            Console.WriteLine("\nContractDescription: ProtectionLevel = {0}", cd.Name, cd.ProtectionLevel);
            foreach (OperationDescription od in cd.Operations)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\nOperationDescription: Name = {0}", od.Name, od.ProtectionLevel);
                Console.WriteLine("ProtectionLevel = {1}", od.Name, od.ProtectionLevel);
                foreach (MessageDescription m in od.Messages)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("\t {0}: {1}", m.Action, m.ProtectionLevel);
                    foreach (MessageHeaderDescription mh in m.Headers)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\t\t {0}: {1}", mh.Name, mh.ProtectionLevel);

                        foreach (MessagePropertyDescription mp in m.Properties)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", mp.Name, mp.ProtectionLevel);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        sh.Open();
        Console.WriteLine("Listening");
        Console.ReadLine();
        sh.Close();
    }
}

<ServiceContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
Public Interface ICalculator
    <OperationContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
    Function Add(ByVal a As Double, ByVal b As Double) As Double


    <OperationContract(), _
       FaultContract _
       (GetType(MathFault), _
       Action:="http://localhost/Add", _
       Name:="AddFault", _
       Namespace:="http://contoso.com", _
       ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
    Function Subtract(ByVal a As Double, ByVal b As Double) As Double

    <OperationContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
    Function GetCompanyInfo() As Company
End Interface


<DataContract()> _
Public Class MathFault
    <DataMember()> _
    Public operation As String
    <DataMember()> _
    Public description As String
End Class

<MessageContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
Public Class Company
    <MessageHeader(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.Sign)> _
    Public CompanyName As String

    <MessageBodyMember(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)> _
    Public CompanyID As String
End Class

<MessageContract(ProtectionLevel:=ProtectionLevel.Sign)> _
Public Class Calculator
    Implements ICalculator

    Public Function Add(ByVal a As Double, ByVal b As Double) As Double _
      Implements ICalculator.Add
        Return a + b

    End Function

    Public Function Subtract(ByVal a As Double, ByVal b As Double) As Double _
       Implements ICalculator.Subtract
        Return a - b

    End Function

    Public Function GetCompanyInfo() As Company Implements ICalculator.GetCompanyInfo
        Dim co As New Company()
        co.CompanyName = "www.cohowinery.com"
        Return co
    End Function
End Class


Public Class Test

    Shared Sub Main()
        Dim t As New Test()
        Try
            t.Run()
        Catch inv As System.InvalidOperationException
            Console.WriteLine(inv.Message)
        End Try
    End Sub


    Private Sub Run()
        ' Create a binding and set the security mode to Message.
        Dim b As New WSHttpBinding()
        b.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Message

        Dim contractType As Type = GetType(ICalculator)
        Dim implementedContract As Type = GetType(Calculator)
        Dim baseAddress As New Uri("http://localhost:8044/base")

        ' Create the ServiceHost and add an endpoint.
        Dim sh As New ServiceHost(implementedContract, baseAddress)
        sh.AddServiceEndpoint(contractType, b, "Calculator")

        Dim sm As New ServiceMetadataBehavior()
        sm.HttpGetEnabled = True
        sh.Description.Behaviors.Add(sm)
        sh.Credentials.ServiceCertificate.SetCertificate( _
           StoreLocation.CurrentUser, StoreName.My, _
           X509FindType.FindByIssuerName, "ValidCertificateIssuer")

        Dim se As ServiceEndpoint
        For Each se In sh.Description.Endpoints
            Dim cd As ContractDescription = se.Contract
            Console.WriteLine(vbLf + "ContractDescription: ProtectionLevel = {0}", _
               cd.Name, cd.ProtectionLevel)
            Dim od As OperationDescription
            For Each od In cd.Operations
                Console.WriteLine(vbLf + "OperationDescription: Name = {0}", od.Name, od.ProtectionLevel)
                Console.WriteLine("ProtectionLevel = {1}", od.Name, od.ProtectionLevel)
                Dim m As MessageDescription
                For Each m In od.Messages
                    Console.WriteLine(vbTab + " {0}: {1}", m.Action, m.ProtectionLevel)
                    Dim mh As MessageHeaderDescription
                    For Each mh In m.Headers
                        Console.WriteLine(vbTab + vbTab + " {0}: {1}", mh.Name, mh.ProtectionLevel)

                        Dim mp As MessagePropertyDescription
                        For Each mp In m.Properties
                            Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", mp.Name, mp.ProtectionLevel)
                        Next mp
                    Next mh
                Next m
            Next od
        Next se
        sh.Open()
        Console.WriteLine("Listening")
        Console.ReadLine()
        sh.Close()

    End Sub
End Class

Compiling the Code

The following code shows the namespaces required to compile the example code.

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Net.Security
Imports System.ServiceModel.Description
Imports System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization

See also

• ServiceContractAttribute
• OperationContractAttribute
• FaultContractAttribute
• MessageContractAttribute
• MessageBodyMemberAttribute
• Understanding Protection Level