Add an API to Azure Static Web Apps with Azure Functions

Άρθρο
11/25/2024

You can add serverless APIs to Azure Static Web Apps powered by Azure Functions. This article demonstrates how to add and deploy an API to an Azure Static Web Apps site.

Note

The functions provided by default in Static Web Apps are pre-configured to provide secure API endpoints and only support HTTP-triggered functions. See API support with Azure Functions for information on how they differ from standalone Azure Functions apps.

Prerequisites

Azure account with an active subscription.
- If you don't have an account, you can create one for free.
Visual Studio Code.
Azure Static Web Apps extension for Visual Studio Code.
Azure Functions extension for Visual Studio Code.
Node.js v18 to run the frontend app and API.

Tip

You can use the nvm tool to manage multiple versions of Node.js on your development system. On Windows, NVM for Windows can be installed via Winget.

Create the static web app

Before adding an API, create and deploy a frontend application to Azure Static Web Apps by following the Building your first static site with Azure Static Web Apps quickstart.

Once you have a frontend application deployed to Azure Static Web Apps, clone your app repository. For example, you can clone your repository using the git command line.

Before you run the following command, make sure to replace <YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME> with your GitHub username.

git clone https://github.com/<YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME>/my-first-static-web-app

In Visual Studio Code, open the root of your app's repository. The folder structure contains the source for your frontend app and the Static Web Apps GitHub workflow in .github/workflows folder.

├── .github
│   └── workflows
│       └── azure-static-web-apps-<DEFAULT_HOSTNAME>.yml
│
└── (folders and files from your static web app)

Create the API

You create an Azure Functions project for your static web app's API. By default, the Static Web Apps Visual Studio Code extension creates the project in a folder named api at the root of your repository.

Press F1 to open the Command Palette.
Select Azure Static Web Apps: Create HTTP Function.... If you're prompted to install the Azure Functions extension, install it and rerun this command.

When prompted, enter the following values:

Prompt	Value
Select a language	JavaScript
Select a programming model	V4
Provide a function name	message

Tip

You can learn more about the differences between programming models in the Azure Functions developer guide

An Azure Functions project is generated with an HTTP triggered function. Your app now has a project structure similar to the following example.

├── .github
│   └── workflows
│       └── azure-static-web-apps-<DEFAULT_HOSTNAME>.yml
│
├── api
├── └──src
│   │  │ functions
│   │  │  └── message.js
│   │  └── index.js
│   ├── .funcignore
│   ├── host.json
│   ├── local.settings.json
│   ├── package-lock.json
│   └── package.json
│
└── (...plus other folders and files from your static web app)

Next, change the message function to return a message to the frontend. Update the function in src/functions/message.js with the following code.

const { app } = require('@azure/functions');

app.http('message', {
    methods: ['GET', 'POST'],
    authLevel: 'anonymous',
    handler: async (request, context) => {
        return { body: `Hello, from the API!` };
    }
});

Tip

You can add more API functions by running the Azure Static Web Apps: Create HTTP Function... command again.

Update the frontend app to call the API

Update your frontend app to call the API at /api/message and display the response message.

If you used the quickstarts to create the app, use the following instructions to apply the updates.

Update the content of the src/index.html file with the following code to fetch the text from the API function and display it on the screen.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    <title>Vanilla JavaScript App</title>
</head>

<body>
    <main>
    <h1>Vanilla JavaScript App</h1>
    <p>Loading content from the API: <b id="name">...</b></p>
    </main>

    <script>
    (async function() {
        const { text } = await( await fetch(`/api/message`)).json();
        document.querySelector('#name').textContent = text;
    }());
    </script>
</body>

</html>

Update the content of src/app/app.module.ts with the following code to enable HttpClient in your app.

import { BrowserModule } from "@angular/platform-browser";
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';

import { AppComponent } from "./app.component";

@NgModule({
  declarations: [AppComponent],
  imports: [BrowserModule, HttpClientModule],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule {}

Update the content of src/app/app.component.ts with the following code to fetch the text from the API function and display it on the screen.

import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  template: `<div>{{message}}</div>`,
})
export class AppComponent {
  message = '';

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) {
    this.http.get('/api/message')
      .subscribe((resp: any) => this.message = resp.text);
  }
}

Update the content of src/App.js with the following code to fetch the text from the API function and display it on the screen.

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function App() {
  const [data, setData] = useState('');

  useEffect(() => {
    (async function () {
      const { text } = await( await fetch(`/api/message`)).json();
      setData(text);
    })();
  });

  return <div>{data}</div>;
}

export default App;

Update the content of src/App.vue with the following code to fetch the text from the API function and display it on the screen.

<template>
  <div>{{ message }}</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      message: ""
    };
  },
  async mounted() {
    const { text } = await (await fetch("/api/message")).json();
    this.message = text;
  }
};
</script>

Run the frontend and API locally

To run your frontend app and API together locally, Azure Static Web Apps provides a CLI that emulates the cloud environment. The CLI uses the Azure Functions Core Tools to run the API.

Install command line tools

Ensure you have the necessary command line tools installed.

npm install -g @azure/static-web-apps-cli

Tip

If you don't want to install the swa command line globally, you can use npx swa instead of swa in the following instructions.

Build frontend app

If your app uses a framework, build the app to generate the output before running the Static Web Apps CLI.

There's no need to build the app.

Install npm dependencies and build the app into the dist/angular-basic folder.

npm install
npm run build --prod

Install npm dependencies and build the app into the build folder.

npm install
npm run build

Install npm dependencies and build the app into the dist folder.

npm install
npm run build

Run the application locally

Run the frontend app and API together by starting the app with the Static Web Apps CLI. Running the two parts of your application this way allows the CLI to serve your frontend's build output from a folder, and makes the API accessible to the running app.

In root of your repository, start the Static Web Apps CLI with the start command. Adjust the arguments if your app has a different folder structure.
- No Framework
- Angular
- React
- Vue
Pass the current folder (src) and the API folder (api) to the CLI.
```
swa start src --api-location api
```
Pass the build output folder (dist/angular-basic) and the API folder (api) to the CLI.
```
swa start dist/angular-basic --api-location api
```
Pass the build output folder (build) and the API folder (api) to the CLI.
```
swa start build --api-location api
```
Pass the build output folder (dist) and the API folder (api) to the CLI.
```
swa start dist --api-location api
```
Windows Firewall might prompt to request that the Azure Functions runtime can access the Internet. Select Allow.
When the CLI processes start, access your app at http://localhost:4280/. Notice how the page calls the API and displays its output, Hello from the API.
To stop the CLI, type Ctrl + C.

Add API location to workflow

Before you can deploy your app to Azure, update your repository's GitHub Actions workflow with the correct location of your API folder.

Open your workflow at .github/workflows/azure-static-web-apps-<DEFAULT-HOSTNAME>.yml.

Search for the property api_location and set the value to api.

###### Repository/Build Configurations - These values can be configured to match your app requirements. ######
# For more information regarding Static Web App workflow configurations, please visit: https://aka.ms/swaworkflowconfig
app_location: "src" # App source code path
api_location: "api" # Api source code path - optional
output_location: "" # Built app content directory - optional
###### End of Repository/Build Configurations ######

Note: The above values of api_location ,app_location,output_location are for no framework and these values change based on your framework.

Save the file.

Deploy changes

To publish changes to your static web app in Azure, commit and push your code to the remote GitHub repository.

Press F1 to open the Command Palette.
Select the Git: Commit All command.
When prompted for a commit message, enter feat: add API and commit all changes to your local git repository.
Press F1 to open the Command Palette.
Select the Git: push command.

Your changes are pushed to the remote repository in GitHub, triggering the Static Web Apps GitHub Actions workflow to build and deploy your app.
Open your repository in GitHub to monitor the status of your workflow run.
When the workflow run completes, visit your static web app to view your changes.

Next steps

Configure app settings

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