Quickstart: Get started with Azure Machine Learning

APPLIES TO: Python SDK azure-ai-ml v2 (current)

This tutorial is an introduction to some of the most used features of the Azure Machine Learning service. In it, you create, register, and deploy a model. This tutorial helps you become familiar with the core concepts of Azure Machine Learning and their most common usage.

You learn how to run a training job on a scalable compute resource, then deploy it, and finally test the deployment.

You create a training script to handle the data preparation, train, and register a model. Once you train the model, you deploy it as an endpoint, then call the endpoint for inferencing.

The steps you take are:

• Set up a handle to your Azure Machine Learning workspace
• Create your training script
• Create a scalable compute resource, a compute cluster
• Create and run a command job that will run the training script on the compute cluster, configured with the appropriate job environment
• View the output of your training script
• Deploy the newly-trained model as an endpoint
• Call the Azure Machine Learning endpoint for inferencing

Watch this video for an overview of the steps in this quickstart.

Prerequisites

1. To use Azure Machine Learning, you need a workspace. If you don't have one, complete Create resources you need to get started to create a workspace and learn more about using it.

   Important

   If your Azure Machine Learning workspace is configured with a managed virtual network, you may need to add outbound rules to allow access to the public Python package repositories. For more information, see Scenario: Access public machine learning packages.

2. Sign in to the studio and select your workspace if it's not already open.

3. Open or create a notebook in your workspace:

   • If you want to copy and paste code into cells, create a new notebook.
   • Or, open tutorials/get-started-notebooks/quickstart.ipynb from the Samples section of studio. Then select Clone to add the notebook to your Files. To find sample notebooks, see Learn from sample notebooks.

Set your kernel and open in Visual Studio Code (VS Code)

1. On the top bar above your opened notebook, create a compute instance if you don't already have one.

   

2. If the compute instance is stopped, select Start compute and wait until it's running.

   

3. Wait until the compute instance is running. Then make sure that the kernel, found on the top right, is Python 3.10 - SDK v2. If not, use the dropdown list to select this kernel.

   

   If you don't see this kernel, verify that your compute instance is running. If it is, select the Refresh button on the top right of the notebook.

4. If you see a banner that says you need to be authenticated, select Authenticate.

5. You can run the notebook here, or open it in VS Code for a full integrated development environment (IDE) with the power of Azure Machine Learning resources. Select Open in VS Code, then select either the web or desktop option. When launched this way, VS Code is attached to your compute instance, the kernel, and the workspace file system.

   

Important

The rest of this tutorial contains cells of the tutorial notebook. Copy and paste them into your new notebook, or switch to the notebook now if you cloned it.

Create handle to workspace

Before we dive in the code, you need a way to reference your workspace. The workspace is the top-level resource for Azure Machine Learning, providing a centralized place to work with all the artifacts you create when you use Azure Machine Learning.

You create ml_client for a handle to the workspace. You then use ml_client to manage resources and jobs.

In the next cell, enter your Subscription ID, Resource Group name and Workspace name. To find these values:

1. In the upper right Azure Machine Learning studio toolbar, select your workspace name.
2. Copy the value for workspace, resource group and subscription ID into the code.
3. You need to copy one value, close the area and paste, then come back for the next one.

from azure.ai.ml import MLClient
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

# authenticate
credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

SUBSCRIPTION = "<SUBSCRIPTION_ID>"
RESOURCE_GROUP = "<RESOURCE_GROUP>"
WS_NAME = "<AML_WORKSPACE_NAME>"
# Get a handle to the workspace
ml_client = MLClient(
    credential=credential,
    subscription_id=SUBSCRIPTION,
    resource_group_name=RESOURCE_GROUP,
    workspace_name=WS_NAME,
)

Note

Creating MLClient will not connect to the workspace. The client initialization is lazy, it will wait for the first time it needs to make a call (this will happen in the next code cell).

# Verify that the handle works correctly.
# If you ge an error here, modify your SUBSCRIPTION, RESOURCE_GROUP, and WS_NAME in the previous cell.
ws = ml_client.workspaces.get(WS_NAME)
print(ws.location, ":", ws.resource_group)

Create training script

Let's start by creating the training script - the main.py Python file.

First create a source folder for the script:

import os

train_src_dir = "./src"
os.makedirs(train_src_dir, exist_ok=True)

This script handles the preprocessing of the data, splitting it into test and train data. It then consumes this data to train a tree based model and return the output model.

MLFlow is used to log the parameters and metrics during our pipeline run.

The cell below uses IPython magic to write the training script into the directory you just created.

%%writefile {train_src_dir}/main.py
import os
import argparse
import pandas as pd
import mlflow
import mlflow.sklearn
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

def main():
    """Main function of the script."""

    # input and output arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("--data", type=str, help="path to input data")
    parser.add_argument("--test_train_ratio", type=float, required=False, default=0.25)
    parser.add_argument("--n_estimators", required=False, default=100, type=int)
    parser.add_argument("--learning_rate", required=False, default=0.1, type=float)
    parser.add_argument("--registered_model_name", type=str, help="model name")
    args = parser.parse_args()
   
    # Start Logging
    mlflow.start_run()

    # enable autologging
    mlflow.sklearn.autolog()

    ###################
    #<prepare the data>
    ###################
    print(" ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in vars(args).items()))

    print("input data:", args.data)
    
    credit_df = pd.read_csv(args.data, header=1, index_col=0)

    mlflow.log_metric("num_samples", credit_df.shape[0])
    mlflow.log_metric("num_features", credit_df.shape[1] - 1)

    train_df, test_df = train_test_split(
        credit_df,
        test_size=args.test_train_ratio,
    )
    ####################
    #</prepare the data>
    ####################

    ##################
    #<train the model>
    ##################
    # Extracting the label column
    y_train = train_df.pop("default payment next month")

    # convert the dataframe values to array
    X_train = train_df.values

    # Extracting the label column
    y_test = test_df.pop("default payment next month")

    # convert the dataframe values to array
    X_test = test_df.values

    print(f"Training with data of shape {X_train.shape}")

    clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(
        n_estimators=args.n_estimators, learning_rate=args.learning_rate
    )
    clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

    y_pred = clf.predict(X_test)

    print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred))
    ###################
    #</train the model>
    ###################

    ##########################
    #<save and register model>
    ##########################
    # Registering the model to the workspace
    print("Registering the model via MLFlow")
    mlflow.sklearn.log_model(
        sk_model=clf,
        registered_model_name=args.registered_model_name,
        artifact_path=args.registered_model_name,
    )

    # Saving the model to a file
    mlflow.sklearn.save_model(
        sk_model=clf,
        path=os.path.join(args.registered_model_name, "trained_model"),
    )
    ###########################
    #</save and register model>
    ###########################
    
    # Stop Logging
    mlflow.end_run()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

As you can see in this script, once the model is trained, the model file is saved and registered to the workspace. Now you can use the registered model in inferencing endpoints.

You might need to select Refresh to see the new folder and script in your Files.

Configure the command

Now that you have a script that can perform the desired tasks, and a compute cluster to run the script, you use a general purpose command that can run command line actions. This command line action can directly call system commands or run a script.

Here, you create input variables to specify the input data, split ratio, learning rate and registered model name. The command script will:

• Use an environment that defines software and runtime libraries needed for the training script. Azure Machine Learning provides many curated or ready-made environments, which are useful for common training and inference scenarios. You use one of those environments here. In Tutorial: Train a model in Azure Machine Learning, you learn how to create a custom environment.
• Configure the command line action itself - python main.py in this case. The inputs/outputs are accessible in the command via the ${{ ... }} notation.
• In this sample, we access the data from a file on the internet.
• Since a compute resource wasn't specified, the script is run on a serverless compute cluster that is automatically created.

from azure.ai.ml import command
from azure.ai.ml import Input

registered_model_name = "credit_defaults_model"

job = command(
    inputs=dict(
        data=Input(
            type="uri_file",
            path="https://azuremlexamples.blob.core.windows.net/datasets/credit_card/default_of_credit_card_clients.csv",
        ),
        test_train_ratio=0.2,
        learning_rate=0.25,
        registered_model_name=registered_model_name,
    ),
    code="./src/",  # location of source code
    command="python main.py --data ${{inputs.data}} --test_train_ratio ${{inputs.test_train_ratio}} --learning_rate ${{inputs.learning_rate}} --registered_model_name ${{inputs.registered_model_name}}",
    environment="azureml://registries/azureml/environments/sklearn-1.5/labels/latest",
    display_name="credit_default_prediction",
)

Submit the job

It's now time to submit the job to run in Azure Machine Learning. This time you use create_or_update on ml_client.

ml_client.create_or_update(job)

View job output and wait for job completion

View the job in Azure Machine Learning studio by selecting the link in the output of the previous cell.

The output of this job looks like this in the Azure Machine Learning studio. Explore the tabs for various details like metrics, outputs etc. Once completed, the job registers a model in your workspace as a result of training.

Important

Wait until the status of the job is complete before returning to this notebook to continue. The job will take 2 to 3 minutes to run. It could take longer (up to 10 minutes) if the compute cluster has been scaled down to zero nodes and custom environment is still building.

Deploy the model as an online endpoint

Now deploy your machine learning model as a web service in the Azure cloud, an online endpoint.

To deploy a machine learning service, you use the model you registered.

Create a new online endpoint

Now that you have a registered model, it's time to create your online endpoint. The endpoint name needs to be unique in the entire Azure region. For this tutorial, you create a unique name using UUID.

import uuid

# Creating a unique name for the endpoint
online_endpoint_name = "credit-endpoint-" + str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]

Create the endpoint:

# Expect the endpoint creation to take a few minutes
from azure.ai.ml.entities import (
    ManagedOnlineEndpoint,
    ManagedOnlineDeployment,
    Model,
    Environment,
)

# create an online endpoint
endpoint = ManagedOnlineEndpoint(
    name=online_endpoint_name,
    description="this is an online endpoint",
    auth_mode="key",
    tags={
        "training_dataset": "credit_defaults",
        "model_type": "sklearn.GradientBoostingClassifier",
    },
)

endpoint = ml_client.online_endpoints.begin_create_or_update(endpoint).result()

print(f"Endpoint {endpoint.name} provisioning state: {endpoint.provisioning_state}")

Note

Expect the endpoint creation to take a few minutes.

Once the endpoint has been created, you can retrieve it as below:

endpoint = ml_client.online_endpoints.get(name=online_endpoint_name)

print(
    f'Endpoint "{endpoint.name}" with provisioning state "{endpoint.provisioning_state}" is retrieved'
)

Deploy the model to the endpoint

Once the endpoint is created, deploy the model with the entry script. Each endpoint can have multiple deployments. Direct traffic to these deployments can be specified using rules. Here you create a single deployment that handles 100% of the incoming traffic. We chose a color name for the deployment, for example, blue, green, red deployments, which is arbitrary.

You can check the Models page on Azure Machine Learning studio, to identify the latest version of your registered model. Alternatively, the code below retrieves the latest version number for you to use.

# Let's pick the latest version of the model
latest_model_version = max(
    [int(m.version) for m in ml_client.models.list(name=registered_model_name)]
)
print(f'Latest model is version "{latest_model_version}" ')

Deploy the latest version of the model.

# picking the model to deploy. Here we use the latest version of our registered model
model = ml_client.models.get(name=registered_model_name, version=latest_model_version)

# Expect this deployment to take approximately 6 to 8 minutes.
# create an online deployment.
# if you run into an out of quota error, change the instance_type to a comparable VM that is available.
# Learn more on https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/details/machine-learning/.
blue_deployment = ManagedOnlineDeployment(
    name="blue",
    endpoint_name=online_endpoint_name,
    model=model,
    instance_type="Standard_DS3_v2",
    instance_count=1,
)

blue_deployment = ml_client.begin_create_or_update(blue_deployment).result()

Note

Expect this deployment to take approximately 6 to 8 minutes.

When the deployment is done, you're ready to test it.

Test with a sample query

Once the model is deployed to the endpoint, you can run inference with it.

Create a sample request file following the design expected in the run method in the score script.

deploy_dir = "./deploy"
os.makedirs(deploy_dir, exist_ok=True)

%%writefile {deploy_dir}/sample-request.json
{
  "input_data": {
    "columns": [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22],
    "index": [0, 1],
    "data": [
            [20000,2,2,1,24,2,2,-1,-1,-2,-2,3913,3102,689,0,0,0,0,689,0,0,0,0],
            [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 10, 9, 8]
        ]
  }
}

# test the blue deployment with some sample data
ml_client.online_endpoints.invoke(
    endpoint_name=online_endpoint_name,
    request_file="./deploy/sample-request.json",
    deployment_name="blue",
)

Clean up resources

If you're not going to use the endpoint, delete it to stop using the resource. Make sure no other deployments are using an endpoint before you delete it.

Note

Expect the complete deletion to take approximately 20 minutes.

ml_client.online_endpoints.begin_delete(name=online_endpoint_name)

Stop compute instance

If you're not going to use it now, stop the compute instance:

1. In the studio, in the left navigation area, select Compute.
2. In the top tabs, select Compute instances
3. Select the compute instance in the list.
4. On the top toolbar, select Stop.

Delete all resources

Important

The resources that you created can be used as prerequisites to other Azure Machine Learning tutorials and how-to articles.

If you don't plan to use any of the resources that you created, delete them so you don't incur any charges:

1. In the Azure portal, in the search box, enter Resource groups and select it from the results.

2. From the list, select the resource group that you created.

3. In the Overview page, select Delete resource group.

   

4. Enter the resource group name. Then select Delete.

Next steps

Now that you have an idea of what's involved in training and deploying a model, learn more about the process in these tutorials:

Tutorial	Description
Upload, access, and explore your data in Azure Machine Learning	Store large data in the cloud and retrieve it from notebooks and scripts
Model development on a cloud workstation	Start prototyping and developing machine learning models
Train a model in Azure Machine Learning	Dive in to the details of training a model
Deploy a model as an online endpoint	Dive in to the details of deploying a model
Create production machine learning pipelines	Split a complete machine learning task into a multistep workflow.