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Access secrets from online deployment using secret injection (preview)

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APPLIES TO: Azure CLI ml extension v2 (current) Python SDK azure-ai-ml v2 (current)

In this article, you learn to use secret injection with an online endpoint and deployment to access secrets from a secret store.

You'll learn to:

  • Set up your user identity and its permissions
  • Create workspace connections and/or key vaults to use as secret stores
  • Create the endpoint and deployment by using the secret injection feature

Important

This feature is currently in public preview. This preview version is provided without a service-level agreement, and we don't recommend it for production workloads. Certain features might not be supported or might have constrained capabilities.

For more information, see Supplemental Terms of Use for Microsoft Azure Previews.

Prerequisites

  • To use Azure Machine Learning, you must have an Azure subscription. If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin. Try the free or paid version of Azure Machine Learning today.

  • Install and configure the Azure Machine Learning CLI (v2) extension or the Azure Machine Learning Python SDK (v2).

  • An Azure Resource group, in which you (or the service principal you use) need to have User Access Administrator and Contributor access. You'll have such a resource group if you configured your Azure Machine Learning extension as stated previously.

  • An Azure Machine Learning workspace. You'll have a workspace if you configured your Azure Machine Learning extension as stated previously.

  • Any trained machine learning model ready for scoring and deployment.

Choose a secret store

You can choose to store your secrets (such as API keys) using either:

  • Workspace connections under the workspace: If you use this kind of secret store, you can later grant permission to the endpoint identity (at endpoint creation time) to read secrets from workspace connections automatically, provided certain conditions are met. For more information, see the system-assigned identity tab from the Create an endpoint section.
  • Key vaults that aren't necessarily under the workspace: If you use this kind of secret store, the endpoint identity won't be granted permission to read secrets from the key vaults automatically. Therefore, if you want to use a managed key vault service such as Microsoft Azure Key Vault as a secret store, you must assign a proper role later.

Use workspace connection as a secret store

You can create workspace connections to use in your deployment. For example, you can create a connection to Microsoft Azure OpenAI Service by using Workspace Connections - Create REST API.

Alternatively, you can create a custom connection by using Azure Machine Learning studio (see How to create a custom connection for prompt flow) or Azure AI Foundry (see How to create a custom connection in AI Foundry portal).

  1. Create an Azure OpenAI connection:

    PUT https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{{subscriptionId}}/resourceGroups/{{resourceGroupName}}/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/{{workspaceName}}/connections/{{connectionName}}?api-version=2023-08-01-preview
Authorization: Bearer {{token}}
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "properties": {
        "authType": "ApiKey",
        "category": "AzureOpenAI",
        "credentials": {
            "key": "<key>",
            "endpoint": "https://<name>.openai.azure.com/",
        },
        "expiryTime": null,
        "target": "https://<name>.openai.azure.com/",
        "isSharedToAll": false,
        "sharedUserList": [],
        "metadata": {
            "ApiType": "Azure"
        }
    }
}

  2. Alternatively, you can create a custom connection:

    PUT https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{{subscriptionId}}/resourceGroups/{{resourceGroupName}}/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/{{workspaceName}}/connections/{{connectionName}}?api-version=2023-08-01-preview
Authorization: Bearer {{token}}
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "properties": {
        "authType": "CustomKeys",
        "category": "CustomKeys",
        "credentials": {
            "keys": {
                "OPENAI_API_KEY": "<key>",
                "SPEECH_API_KEY": "<key>"
            }
        },
        "expiryTime": null,
        "target": "_",
        "isSharedToAll": false,
        "sharedUserList": [],
        "metadata": {
            "OPENAI_API_BASE": "<oai endpoint>",
            "OPENAI_API_VERSION": "<oai version>",
            "OPENAI_API_TYPE": "azure",
            "SPEECH_REGION": "eastus",
        }
    }
}

  3. Verify that the user identity can read the secrets from the workspace connection, by using Workspace Connections - List Secrets REST API (preview).

    POST https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{{subscriptionId}}/resourceGroups/{{resourceGroupName}}/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/{{workspaceName}}/connections/{{connectionName}}/listsecrets?api-version=2023-08-01-preview
Authorization: Bearer {{token}}

Note

The previous code snippets use a token in the Authorization header when making REST API calls. You can get the token by running az account get-access-token. For more information on getting a token, see Get an access token.

(Optional) Use Azure Key Vault as a secret store

Create the key vault and set a secret to use in your deployment. For more information on creating the key vault, see Set and retrieve a secret from Azure Key Vault using Azure CLI. Also,

  1. Create an Azure Key Vault:

    az keyvault create --name mykeyvault --resource-group myrg --location eastus

  2. Create a secret:

    az keyvault secret set --vault-name mykeyvault --name secret1 --value <value>

    This command returns the secret version it creates. You can check the id property of the response to get the secret version. The returned response looks like https://mykeyvault.vault.azure.net/secrets/<secret_name>/<secret_version>.

  3. Verify that the user identity can read the secret from the key vault:

    az keyvault secret show --vault-name mykeyvault --name secret1 --version <secret_version>

Important

If you use the key vault as a secret store for secret injection, you must configure the key vault's permission model as Azure role-based access control (RBAC). For more information, see Azure RBAC vs. access policy for Key Vault.

Choose a user identity

Choose the user identity that you'll use to create the online endpoint and online deployment. This user identity can be a user account, a service principal account, or a managed identity in Microsoft Entra ID. To set up the user identity, follow the steps in Set up authentication for Azure Machine Learning resources and workflows.

(Optional) Assign a role to the user identity

  • If your user identity wants the endpoint's system-assigned identity (SAI) to be automatically granted permission to read secrets from workspace connections, the user identity must have the Azure Machine Learning Workspace Connection Secrets Reader role (or higher) on the scope of the workspace.

    • An admin that has the Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write permission can run a CLI command to assign the role to the user identity:

      az role assignment create --assignee <UserIdentityID> --role "Azure Machine Learning Workspace Connection Secrets Reader" --scope /subscriptions/<subscriptionId>/resourcegroups/<resourceGroupName>/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/<workspaceName>

    Note

    The endpoint's system-assigned identity (SAI) won't be automatically granted permission for reading secrets from key vaults. Hence, the user identity doesn't need to be assigned a role for the Key Vault.

  • If you want to use a user-assigned identity (UAI) for the endpoint, you don't need to assign the role to your user identity. Instead, if you intend to use the secret injection feature, you must assign the role to the endpoint's UAI manually.

    • An admin that has the Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write permission can run the following commands to assign the role to the endpoint identity:

      For workspace connections:

      az role assignment create --assignee <EndpointIdentityID> --role "Azure Machine Learning Workspace Connection Secrets Reader" --scope /subscriptions/<subscriptionId>/resourcegroups/<resourceGroupName>/providers/Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/<workspaceName>

      For key vaults:

      az role assignment create --assignee <EndpointIdentityID> --role "Key Vault Secrets User" --scope /subscriptions/<subscriptionId>/resourcegroups/<resourceGroupName>/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/<vaultName>

  • Verify that an identity (either a user identity or endpoint identity) has the role assigned, by going to the resource in the Azure portal. For example, in the Azure Machine Learning workspace or the Key Vault:

    1. Select the Access control (IAM) tab.
    2. Select the Check access button and find the identity.
    3. Verify that the right role shows up under the Current role assignments tab.

Create an endpoint

If you're using a system-assigned identity (SAI) as the endpoint identity, specify whether you want to enforce access to default secret stores (namely, workspace connections under the workspace) to the endpoint identity.

  1. Create an endpoint.yaml file:

    $schema: https://azuremlschemas.azureedge.net/latest/managedOnlineEndpoint.schema.json
name: my-endpoint
auth_mode: key
properties:
    enforce_access_to_default_secret_stores: enabled  # default: disabled

  2. Create the endpoint, using the endpoint.yaml file:

    az ml online-endpoint create -f endpoint.yaml

If you don't specify the identity property in the endpoint definition, the endpoint will use an SAI by default.

If the following conditions are met, the endpoint identity will automatically be granted the Azure Machine Learning Workspace Connection Secrets Reader role (or higher) on the scope of the workspace:

  • The user identity that creates the endpoint has the permission to read secrets from workspace connections (Microsoft.MachineLearningServices/workspaces/connections/listsecrets/action).
  • The endpoint uses an SAI.
  • The endpoint is defined with a flag to enforce access to default secret stores (workspace connections under the current workspace) when creating the endpoint.

The endpoint identity won't automatically be granted a role to read secrets from the Key Vault. If you want to use the Key Vault as a secret store, you need to manually assign a proper role such as Key Vault Secrets User to the endpoint identity on the scope of the Key Vault. For more information on roles, see Azure built-in roles for Key Vault data plane operations.

Create a deployment

  1. Author a scoring script or Dockerfile and the related scripts so that the deployment can consume the secrets via environment variables.

    • There's no need for you to call the secret retrieval APIs for the workspace connections or key vaults. The environment variables are populated with the secrets when the user container in the deployment initiates.

    • The value that gets injected into an environment variable can be one of the three types:

      • The whole List Secrets API (preview) response. You'll need to understand the API response structure, parse it, and use it in your user container.
      • Individual secret or metadata from the workspace connection. You can use it without understanding the workspace connection API response structure.
      • Individual secret version from the Key Vault. You can use it without understanding the Key Vault API response structure.

  2. Initiate the creation of the deployment, using either the scoring script (if you use a custom model) or a Dockerfile (if you take the BYOC approach to deployment). Specify environment variables the user expects within the user container.

    If the values that are mapped to the environment variables follow certain patterns, the endpoint identity will be used to perform secret retrieval and injection.

    Pattern Behavior
    ${{azureml://connections/<connection_name>}} The whole List Secrets API (preview) response is injected into the environment variable.
    ${{azureml://connections/<connection_name>/credentials/<credential_name>}} The value of the credential is injected into the environment variable.
    ${{azureml://connections/<connection_name>/metadata/<metadata_name>}} The value of the metadata is injected into the environment variable.
    ${{azureml://connections/<connection_name>/target}} The value of the target (where applicable) is injected into the environment variable.
    ${{keyvault:https://<keyvault_name>.vault.azure.net/secrets/<secret_name>/<secret_version>}} The value of the secret version is injected into the environment variable.

    For example:

    1. Create deployment.yaml:

      $schema: https://azuremlschemas.azureedge.net/latest/managedOnlineDeployment.schema.json
name: blue
endpoint_name: my-endpoint
#…
environment_variables:
    AOAI_CONNECTION: ${{azureml://connections/aoai_connection}}
    LANGCHAIN_CONNECTION: ${{azureml://connections/multi_connection_langchain}}

    OPENAI_KEY: ${{azureml://connections/multi_connection_langchain/credentials/OPENAI_API_KEY}}
    OPENAI_VERSION: ${{azureml://connections/multi_connection_langchain/metadata/OPENAI_API_VERSION}}

    USER_SECRET_KV1_KEY: ${{keyvault:https://mykeyvault.vault.azure.net/secrets/secret1/secretversion1}}

    2. Create the deployment:

      az ml online-deployment create -f deployment.yaml

If the enforce_access_to_default_secret_stores flag was set for the endpoint, the user identity's permission to read secrets from workspace connections will be checked both at endpoint creation and deployment creation time. If the user identity doesn't have the permission, the creation will fail.

At deployment creation time, if any environment variable is mapped to a value that follows the patterns in the previous table, secret retrieval and injection will be performed with the endpoint identity (either an SAI or a UAI). If the endpoint identity doesn't have the permission to read secrets from designated secret stores (either workspace connections or key vaults), the deployment creation will fail. Also, if the specified secret reference doesn't exist in the secret stores, the deployment creation will fail.

For more information on errors that can occur during deployment of Azure Machine Learning online endpoints, see Secret Injection Errors.

Consume the secrets

You can consume the secrets by retrieving them from the environment variables within the user container running in your deployments.

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