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Configure authentication in a sample Angular single-page application by using Azure Active Directory B2C

  • Άρθρο

This article uses a sample Angular single-page application (SPA) to illustrate how to add Azure Active Directory B2C (Azure AD B2C) authentication to your Angular apps.

Overview

OpenID Connect (OIDC) is an authentication protocol built on OAuth 2.0 that you can use to securely sign in a user to an application. This Angular sample uses MSAL Angular and the MSAL Browser. MSAL is a Microsoft-provided library that simplifies adding authentication and authorization support to Angular SPAs.

Sign in flow

The sign-in flow involves the following steps:

  1. The user opens the app and selects Sign in.
  2. The app starts an authentication request and redirects the user to Azure AD B2C.
  3. The user signs up or signs in and resets the password, or signs in with a social account.
  4. Upon successful sign-in, Azure AD B2C returns an authorization code to the app. The app takes the following actions:
    1. Exchanges the authorization code for an ID token, access token, and refresh token.
    2. Reads the ID token claims.
    3. Stores the access token and refresh token in an in-memory cache for later use. The access token allows the user to call protected resources, such as a web API. The refresh token is used to acquire a new access token.

App registration

To enable your app to sign in with Azure AD B2C and call a web API, you must register two applications in your Azure AD B2C tenant:

  • The single-page application (Angular) registration enables your app to sign in with Azure AD B2C. During app registration, you specify the redirect URI. The redirect URI is the endpoint to which the user is redirected after they authenticate with Azure AD B2C. The app registration process generates an application ID, also known as the client ID, that uniquely identifies your app. This article uses the example App ID: 1.

  • The web API registration enables your app to call a protected web API. The registration exposes the web API permissions (scopes). The app registration process generates an application ID that uniquely identifies your web API. This article uses the example App ID: 2. Grant your app (App ID: 1) permissions to the web API scopes (App ID: 2).

The following diagram describes the app registrations and the app architecture.

Diagram that describes a single-page application with web A P I, registrations, and tokens.

Call to a web API

After the authentication is completed, users interact with the app, which invokes a protected web API. The web API uses bearer token authentication. The bearer token is the access token that the app obtained from Azure AD B2C. The app passes the token in the authorization header of the HTTPS request.

Authorization: Bearer <access token>

If the access token's scope doesn't match the web API's scopes, the authentication library obtains a new access token with the correct scopes.

Sign out flow

The sign-out flow involves the following steps:

  1. From the app, users sign out.
  2. The app clears its session objects, and the authentication library clears its token cache.
  3. The app takes users to the Azure AD B2C sign-out endpoint to terminate the Azure AD B2C session.
  4. Users are redirected back to the app.

Prerequisites

Before you follow the procedures in this article, make sure that your computer is running:

Step 1: Configure your user flow

When users try to sign in to your app, the app starts an authentication request to the authorization endpoint via a user flow. The user flow defines and controls the user experience. After users complete the user flow, Azure AD B2C generates a token and then redirects users back to your application.

If you haven't done so already, create a user flow or a custom policy. Repeat the steps to create three separate user flows as follows:

  • A combined Sign in and sign up user flow, such as susi. This user flow also supports the Forgot your password experience.
  • A Profile editing user flow, such as edit_profile.
  • A Password reset user flow, such as reset_password.

Azure AD B2C prepends B2C_1_ to the user flow name. For example, susi becomes B2C_1_susi.

Step 2: Register your Angular SPA and API

In this step, you create the registrations for the Angular SPA and the web API app. You also specify the scopes of your web API.

2.1 Register the web API application

To create the web API app registration (App ID: 2), follow these steps:

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.

  2. Make sure you're using the directory that contains your Azure AD B2C tenant. Select the Directories + subscriptions icon in the portal toolbar.

  3. On the Portal settings | Directories + subscriptions page, find your Azure AD B2C directory in the Directory name list, and then select Switch.

  4. In the Azure portal, search for and select Azure AD B2C.

  5. Select App registrations, and then select New registration.

  6. For Name, enter a name for the application (for example, my-api1). Leave the default values for Redirect URI and Supported account types.

  7. Select Register.

  8. After the app registration is completed, select Overview.

  9. Record the Application (client) ID value for later use when you configure the web application.

    Screenshot that demonstrates how to get a web A P I application I D.

2.2 Configure scopes

  1. Select the my-api1 application that you created (App ID: 2) to open its Overview page.

  2. Under Manage, select Expose an API.

  3. Next to Application ID URI, select the Set link. Replace the default value (GUID) with a unique name (for example, tasks-api), and then select Save.

    When your web application requests an access token for the web API, it should add this URI as the prefix for each scope that you define for the API.

  4. Under Scopes defined by this API, select Add a scope.

  5. To create a scope that defines read access to the API:

    1. For Scope name, enter tasks.read.
    2. For Admin consent display name, enter Read access to tasks API.
    3. For Admin consent description, enter Allows read access to the tasks API.

  6. Select Add scope.

  7. Select Add a scope, and then add a scope that defines write access to the API:

    1. For Scope name, enter tasks.write.
    2. For Admin consent display name, enter Write access to tasks API.
    3. For Admin consent description, enter Allows write access to the tasks API.

  8. Select Add scope.

2.3 Register the Angular app

Follow these steps to create the Angular app registration:

  1. Sign in to the Azure portal.
  2. If you have access to multiple tenants, select the Settings icon in the top menu to switch to your Azure AD B2C tenant from the Directories + subscriptions menu.
  3. In the Azure portal, search for and select Azure AD B2C.
  4. Select App registrations, and then select New registration.
  5. For Name, enter a name for the application. For example, enter MyApp.
  6. Under Supported account types, select Accounts in any identity provider or organizational directory (for authenticating users with user flows).
  7. Under Redirect URI, select Single-page application (SPA), and then enter http://localhost:4200 in the URL box.
  8. Under Permissions, select the Grant admin consent to openid and offline access permissions checkbox.
  9. Select Register.
  10. Record the Application (client) ID value for use in a later step when you configure the web application. Screenshot that shows how to get the Angular application I D.

2.5 Grant permissions

To grant your app (App ID: 1) permissions, follow these steps:

  1. Select App registrations, and then select the app that you created (App ID: 1).

  2. Under Manage, select API permissions.

  3. Under Configured permissions, select Add a permission.

  4. Select the My APIs tab.

  5. Select the API (App ID: 2) to which the web application should be granted access. For example, enter my-api1.

  6. Under Permission, expand tasks, and then select the scopes that you defined earlier (for example, tasks.read and tasks.write).

  7. Select Add permissions.

  8. Select Grant admin consent for <your tenant name>.

  9. Select Yes.

  10. Select Refresh, and then verify that Granted for ... appears under Status for both scopes.

  11. From the Configured permissions list, select your scope, and then copy the scope full name.

    Screenshot of the configured permissions pane, showing that read access permissions are granted.

Step 3: Get the Angular sample code

This sample demonstrates how an Angular single-page application can use Azure AD B2C for user sign-up and sign-in. Then the app acquires an access token and calls a protected web API.

Download a .zip file of the sample, or clone the sample from the GitHub repository by using the following command:

git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/ms-identity-javascript-angular-tutorial.git

3.1 Configure the Angular sample

Now that you've obtained the SPA sample, update the code with your Azure AD B2C and web API values. In the sample folder, under the src/app folder, open the auth-config.ts file. Update the keys with the corresponding values:

Section Key Value
b2cPolicies names The user flow or custom policy that you created in step 1.
b2cPolicies authorities Replace your-tenant-name with your Azure AD B2C tenant name. For example, use contoso.onmicrosoft.com. Then, replace the policy name with the user flow or custom policy that you created in step 1. For example: https://<your-tenant-name>.b2clogin.com/<your-tenant-name>.onmicrosoft.com/<your-sign-in-sign-up-policy>.
b2cPolicies authorityDomain Your Azure AD B2C tenant name. For example: contoso.onmicrosoft.com.
Configuration clientId The Angular application ID from step 2.3.
protectedResources endpoint The URL of the web API: http://localhost:5000/api/todolist.
protectedResources scopes The web API scopes that you created in step 2.2. For example: b2cScopes: ["https://<your-tenant-name>.onmicrosoft.com/tasks-api/tasks.read"].

Your resulting src/app/auth-config.ts code should look similar to the following sample:

export const b2cPolicies = {
     names: {
         signUpSignIn: "b2c_1_susi_reset_v2",
         editProfile: "b2c_1_edit_profile_v2"
     },
     authorities: {
         signUpSignIn: {
             authority: "https://your-tenant-name.b2clogin.com/your-tenant-name.onmicrosoft.com/b2c_1_susi_reset_v2",
         },
         editProfile: {
             authority: "https://your-tenant-name.b2clogin.com/your-tenant-name.onmicrosoft.com/b2c_1_edit_profile_v2"
         }
     },
     authorityDomain: "your-tenant-name.b2clogin.com"
 };
 
 
export const msalConfig: Configuration = {
     auth: {
         clientId: '<your-MyApp-application-ID>',
         authority: b2cPolicies.authorities.signUpSignIn.authority,
         knownAuthorities: [b2cPolicies.authorityDomain],
         redirectUri: '/', 
     },
    // More configuration here
 }

export const protectedResources = {
  todoListApi: {
    endpoint: "http://localhost:5000/api/todolist",
    scopes: ["https://your-tenant-namee.onmicrosoft.com/api/tasks.read"],
  },
}

Step 4: Get the web API sample code

Now that the web API is registered and you've defined its scopes, configure the web API code to work with your Azure AD B2C tenant.

Download a *.zip archive, or clone the sample web API project from GitHub. You can also browse directly to the Azure-Samples/active-directory-b2c-javascript-nodejs-webapi project on GitHub by using the following command:

git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/active-directory-b2c-javascript-nodejs-webapi.git

4.1 Configure the web API

In the sample folder, open the config.json file. This file contains information about your Azure AD B2C identity provider. The web API app uses this information to validate the access token that the web app passes as a bearer token. Update the following properties of the app settings:

Section Key Value
credentials tenantName The first part of your Azure AD B2C tenant name. For example: contoso.
credentials clientID The web API application ID from step 2.1. In the earlier diagram, it's the application with App ID: 2.
credentials issuer (Optional) The token issuer iss claim value. Azure AD B2C by default returns the token in the following format: https://<your-tenant-name>.b2clogin.com/<your-tenant-ID>/v2.0/. Replace <your-tenant-name> with the first part of your Azure AD B2C tenant name. Replace <your-tenant-ID> with your Azure AD B2C tenant ID.
policies policyName The user flow or custom policy that you created in step 1. If your application uses multiple user flows or custom policies, specify only one. For example, use the sign-up or sign-in user flow.
resource scope The scopes of your web API application registration from step 2.5.

Your final configuration file should look like the following JSON:

{
    "credentials": {
        "tenantName": "<your-tenant-namee>",
        "clientID": "<your-webapi-application-ID>",
        "issuer": "https://<your-tenant-name>.b2clogin.com/<your-tenant-ID>/v2.0/"
    },
    "policies": {
        "policyName": "b2c_1_susi"
    },
    "resource": {
        "scope": ["tasks.read"] 
    },
    // More settings here
}

Step 5: Run the Angular SPA and web API

You're now ready to test the Angular scoped access to the API. In this step, run both the web API and the sample Angular application on your local machine. Then, sign in to the Angular application, and select the TodoList button to start a request to the protected API.

Run the web API

  1. Open a console window and change to the directory that contains the web API sample. For example:

    cd active-directory-b2c-javascript-nodejs-webapi

  2. Run the following commands:

    npm install && npm update
node index.js

    The console window displays the port number where the application is hosted:

    Listening on port 5000...

Run the Angular application

  1. Open another console window and change to the directory that contains the Angular sample. For example:

    cd ms-identity-javascript-angular-tutorial-main/3-Authorization-II/2-call-api-b2c/SPA

  2. Run the following commands:

    npm install && npm update
npm start

    The console window displays the port number of where the application is hosted:

    Listening on port 4200...

  3. Go to http://localhost:4200 in your browser to view the application.

  4. Select Login.

    Screenshot that shows the Angular sample app with the login link.

  5. Complete the sign-up or sign-in process.

  6. Upon successful sign-in, you should see your profile. From the menu, select TodoList.

    Screenshot that shows the Angular sample app with the user profile, and the call to the to-do list.

  7. Select Add to add new items to the list, or use the icons to delete or edit items.

    Screenshot that shows the Angular sample app's call to the to-do list.

Deploy your application

In a production application, the redirect URI for the app registration is typically a publicly accessible endpoint where your app is running, like https://contoso.com.

You can add and modify redirect URIs in your registered applications at any time. The following restrictions apply to redirect URIs:

  • The reply URL must begin with the scheme https.
  • The reply URL is case-sensitive. Its case must match the case of the URL path of your running application.

Next steps