Sichern und Wiederherstellen von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen

Artikel
11/19/2024

Gilt für: SQL Server Azure SQL-Datenbank Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics SQL-Datenbank in Microsoft Fabric

In SMO sind die Klassen Backup und Restore Hilfsprogrammklassen, die die Tools zur Durchführung bestimmter Tasks, wie Sichern und Wiederherstellen, bereitstellen. Ein Backup Objekt stellt eine bestimmte Sicherungsaufgabe dar, die anstelle eines Microsoft SQL Server-Objekts auf der Serverinstanz erforderlich ist.

Wenn Datenverlust oder -beschädigung auftritt, muss die Sicherung entweder vollständig oder teilweise wiederhergestellt werden. Die partielle Wiederherstellung verwendet die FileGroupCollection-Auflistung, um die zu wiederherstellenden Daten zu unterteilen. Bei der Sicherung eines Transaktionsprotokolls erfolgt die Datenwiederherstellung bis zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkt mithilfe der ToPointInTime-Eigenschaft des Restore-Objekts. Die Daten können auch mithilfe der SqlVerify-Methode validiert werden. Der empfohlene Sicherungsvorgang besteht aus der Prüfung der Sicherung auf Integrität durch die Vornahme eines Wiederherstellungsvorgangs und durch die regelmäßige Prüfung der Daten in der Datenbank.

Wie das Backup Objekt muss das Restore Objekt nicht mithilfe einer Create-Methode erstellt werden, da es kein Objekt in der Instanz von SQL Server darstellt. Beim Restore-Objekt handelt es sich um eine Gruppe von Eigenschaften und Methoden, die zur Wiederherstellung einer Datenbank verwendet werden.

Beispiele

Zum Verwenden eines angegebenen Codebeispiels müssen Sie die Programmierumgebung, Programmiervorlage und die zu verwendende Programmiersprache auswählen, um Ihre Anwendung zu erstellen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Erstellen eines Visual C#-SMO-Projekts in Visual Studio .NET.

Sichern von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen in Visual Basic

Dieses Codebeispiel zeigt, wie eine vorhandene Datenbank in einer Datei gesichert und wiederhergestellt wird.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic.MyServices  
  
Module SMO_VBBackup3  
  
    Sub Main()  
        'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
        Dim srv As Server  
        srv = New Server  
  
        'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
        Dim db As Database  
        db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
  
        'Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
        Dim recoverymod As Integer  
        recoverymod = db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
        'Define a Backup object variable.   
        Dim bk As New Backup  
  
        'Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.  
        bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database  
        bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022"  
        bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks 2022 Backup"  
        bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.  
        Dim bdi As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdi = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
        bk.Incremental = False  
  
        'Set the expiration date.  
        Dim backupdate As New Date  
        backupdate = New Date(2006, 10, 5)  
        bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate  
  
        'Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
        bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
        Dim t As Table  
        t = New Table(db, "test_table")  
        Dim c As Column  
        c = New Column(t, "col", DataType.Int)  
        t.Columns.Add(c)  
        t.Create()  
  
        'Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
        Dim bdid As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdid = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
        bk.Incremental = True  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Drop()  
  
        'Define a Restore object variable.  
        Dim rs As Restore  
        rs = New Restore  
  
        'Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
        rs.NoRecovery = True  
  
        'Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Specify the database name.  
        rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Set te NoRecovery property to False.  
        rs.NoRecovery = False  
  
        'Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = recoverymod  
  
        'Drop the table that was added.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Tables("test_table").Drop()  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Alter()  
  
        'Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Full_Backup1")  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Differential_Backup1")  
    End Sub  
End Module

Sichern von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen in Visual C#

Dieses Codebeispiel zeigt, wie eine vorhandene Datenbank in einer Datei gesichert und wiederhergestellt wird.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.   
      Database db = default(Database);  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Store the current recovery model in a variable.   
      int recoverymod;  
      recoverymod = (int)db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel;  
  
      // Define a Backup object variable.   
      Backup bk = new Backup();  
  
      // Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.   
      bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database;  
      bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022";  
      bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks2022 Backup";  
      bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdi = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdi = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdi);  
      // Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.   
      bk.Incremental = false;  
  
      // Set the expiration date.   
      System.DateTime backupdate = new System.DateTime();  
      backupdate = new System.DateTime(2006, 10, 5);  
      bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate;  
  
      // Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.   
      bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the backup has been completed.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the backup device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.   
      Table t = default(Table);  
      t = new Table(db, "test_table");  
      Column c = default(Column);  
      c = new Column(t, "col", DataType.Int);  
      t.Columns.Add(c);  
      t.Create();  
  
      // Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdid = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdid = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.   
      bk.Incremental = true;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it  
      // db.Drop();  
  
      // Define a Restore object variable.  
      Restore rs = new Restore();  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.   
      rs.NoRecovery = true;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdi);  
  
      // Specify the database name.   
      rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Restore the full database backup with no recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.   
      Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // reacquire a reference to the database  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Remove the device from the Restore object.  
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to False.   
      rs.NoRecovery = false;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Restore the differential database backup with recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device.   
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
      db.RecoveryModel = (RecoveryModel)recoverymod;  
  
      // Drop the table that was added.   
      db.Tables["test_table"].Drop();  
      db.Alter();  
  
      // Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
      // This location is dependent on the installation of SQL Server  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Full_Backup1");  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Differential_Backup1");  
   }  
}

Sichern von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen in PowerShell

Dieses Codebeispiel zeigt, wie eine vorhandene Datenbank in einer Datei gesichert und wiederhergestellt wird.

#Backing up and restoring a Database from PowerShell  
  
#Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
  
#Get a server object which corresponds to the default instance  
$srv = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Server  
  
#Reference the AdventureWorks database.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
  
#Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
$recoverymod = $db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
#Create a Backup object  
$bk = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Backup  
  
#set to backup the database  
$bk.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database  
  
#Set back up properties  
$bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks"  
$bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks Backup"  
$bk.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
  
#Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor,   
#and the type of device is a file.  
$dt = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DeviceType]::File  
$bdi = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_FullBackup1", $dt  
  
#Add the device to the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $false  
  
#Set the expiration date.  
$bk.ExpirationDate = get-date "10/05/2006"  
  
#Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
$bk.LogTruncation = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupTruncateLogType]::Truncate  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
"Full Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
$t = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Table -argumentlist $db, "test_table"  
$type = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DataType]::int  
$c = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Column -argumentlist $t, "col", $type       
$t.Columns.Add($c)  
$t.Create()  
  
#Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
# $dt is file backup device  
$bdid = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_DifferentialBackup1", $dt  
#Add this device to the backup set  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $true  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
"Differential Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Delete the AdventureWorks database before restoring it.  
$db.Drop()  
  
#Define a Restore object variable.  
$rs = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Restore  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $true  
  
#Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Specify the database name.  
$rs.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
#Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
"Full Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to False.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $false  
  
#Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
"Differential Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
$db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = $recoverymod  
  
#Drop the table that was added.  
$db.Tables["test_table"].Drop()  
$db.Alter()  
  
#Delete the backup files - the exact location depends on your installation  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_FullBackup1"  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_DifferentialBackup1"

Ausführen von Datenbankintegritätsprüfungen in Visual Basic

SQL Server stellt die Datenintegritätsüberprüfung bereit. In diesem Codebeispiel wird eine Datenbankkonsistenztyp-Prüfung für die angegebene Datenbank ausgeführt. In diesem Beispiel wird CheckTables verwendet. Allerdings können auch CheckAllocations, CheckCatalog oder CheckIdentityValues verwendet werden.

Hinweis

Das StringCollection-Objekt erfordert einen Verweis auf den Namespace mittels imports System.Collections.Specialized-Anweisung.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports System.Collections.Specialized  
Module S  
   Sub Main()  
      'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
      Dim srv As Server  
      srv = New Server  
      'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
      Dim db As Database  
      db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
      'Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.  
      Dim sc As StringCollection  
      'Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.  
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None)  
      Dim c As Integer  
      For c = 0 To sc.Count - 1  
         Console.WriteLine(sc.Item(c))  
      Next  
   End Sub  
End Module

Ausführen von Datenbankintegritätsprüfungen in Visual C#

Hinweis

Das StringCollection-Objekt erfordert einen Verweis auf den Namespace mittels imports System.Collections.Specialized-Anweisung.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
using System;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.             
      Database db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.   
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection sc;  
  
      // Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.   
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None);  
  
      foreach (string c in sc) {  
         Console.WriteLine(c);  
      }  
   }  
}

Ausführen von Datenbankintegritätsprüfungen in PowerShell

Hinweis

Das StringCollection-Objekt erfordert einen Verweis auf den Namespace mittels imports System.Collections.Specialized-Anweisung.

# Set the path context to the local, default instance of SQL Server and get a reference to AdventureWorks2022  
CD \sql\localhost\default\databases  
$db = get-item AdventureWorks2022  
  
$sc = $db.CheckTables([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.RepairType]::None)  
foreach ($c in $sc)  
{  
    $c  
 }

Freigeben über

Sichern und Wiederherstellen von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen

Beispiele

Sichern von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen in Visual Basic

Sichern von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen in Visual C#

Sichern von Datenbanken und Transaktionsprotokollen in PowerShell

Ausführen von Datenbankintegritätsprüfungen in Visual Basic

Ausführen von Datenbankintegritätsprüfungen in Visual C#

Ausführen von Datenbankintegritätsprüfungen in PowerShell

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